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448 South Hill Street
<br />Suite 1001
<br />Los Angeles, CA 90013
<br />Phone: 310-975-2061
<br />Reviewed By:Proj #:
<br />140 Newport Center Drive,
<br />Suite 100
<br />Newport Beach, CA 92660
<br />O: 949.478.8800
<br />www.kpff.com
<br />KPFF
<br />DLX8
<br />515 E Dyer Rd., Santa Ana, CA 92707
<br />Owner
<br />AK2300128
<br />Nelco Architecture,
<br />Inc.
<br />Issue:No:Date:
<br />CD 30 2023/11/03
<br />CD 50 2024/05/22
<br />CD 90 2025/03/07
<br />1416 NW 46TH Street
<br />Suite 105-138
<br />Seattle, WA 98107
<br />WWW.NELSONWORLDWIDE.COM
<br />Phone: (206) 408-8501
<br />PERMIT SET 2025/04/17
<br />CIVIL SPECIFICATIONS
<br />C6.00
<br />SECTION 31 10 00 - SITE CLEARING
<br />PART 1 - GENERAL
<br />1.1 SUMMARY
<br />A.This Section includes the following:
<br />1.Protecting existing trees, shrubs, groundcovers, plants, and grass to remain.
<br />2.Removing existing trees, shrubs, groundcovers, plants, and grass.
<br />3.Clearing and grubbing.
<br />4.Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.
<br />5.Removing above- and below-grade site improvements.
<br />6.Disconnecting and capping or sealing site utilities.
<br />7.Temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures.
<br />1.2 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP
<br />A.Except for stripped topsoil or other materials indicated to remain Owner's property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be
<br />removed from Project site.
<br />1.3 PROJECT CONDITIONS
<br />A.Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during site-clearing operations.
<br />1.Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner and authorities having
<br />jurisdiction.
<br />2.Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by authorities having jurisdiction.
<br />B.Salvageable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Owner's premises where indicated.
<br />C.Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before site clearing.
<br />D.Do not commence site-clearing operations until temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures are in place.
<br />PART 2 - PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)
<br />PART 3 - EXECUTION
<br />3.1 PREPARATION
<br />A.Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction.
<br />B.Locate and clearly flag trees and vegetation to remain or to be relocated.
<br />C.Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.
<br />1.Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner.
<br />3.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
<br />A.Provide temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures to prevent soil erosion and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to
<br />adjacent properties and walkways, according to sediment and erosion control Drawings or requirements of authorities having jurisdiction, whichever is
<br />more stringent.
<br />B.Inspect, repair, and maintain erosion and sedimentation control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.
<br />C.Remove erosion and sedimentation controls and restore and stabilize areas disturbed during removal.
<br />3.3 TREE PROTECTION
<br />A.Erect and maintain temporary fencing around tree protection zones before starting site clearing. Remove fence when construction is complete.
<br />B.Do not excavate within tree protection zones, unless otherwise indicated.
<br />C.Repair or replace trees and vegetation indicated to remain that are damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by Architect.
<br />3.4 UTILITIES
<br />A.Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap off utilities indicated to be removed.
<br />1.Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities.
<br />B.Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then
<br />only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:
<br />1.Notify Architect not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.
<br />2.Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.
<br />3.5 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
<br />A.Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.
<br />B.Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.
<br />3.6 TOPSOIL STRIPPING
<br />A.Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.
<br />B.Strip topsoil to whatever depths are encountered in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other waste materials.
<br />C.Stockpile topsoil materials away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water.
<br />Cover to prevent windblown dust.
<br />3.7 SITE IMPROVEMENTS
<br />A.Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and as necessary to facilitate new construction.
<br />3.8 DISPOSAL
<br />A.Disposal: Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and
<br />legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
<br />B.Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other nonrecyclable materials. Store or stockpile without intermixing with other
<br />materials and transport them to recycling facilities.
<br />END OF SECTION 31 10 00
<br />SECTION 31 20 00 - EARTH MOVING
<br />PART 1 - GENERAL
<br />1.1 SUMMARY
<br />A.This Section includes the following:
<br />1.Preparing subgrades for pavements and exterior plants.
<br />2.Excavating and backfilling for buildings and structures.
<br />3.Drainage course for slabs-on-grade.
<br />4.Base course for concrete walks pavements.
<br />5.Base course for asphalt paving.
<br />6.Excavating and backfilling for utility trenches.
<br />1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
<br />Standard Specifications: Comply with the Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction (SSPWC), latest edition and supplements for rock materials. The Standard
<br />Specifications apply only to performance and materials and how they are to be incorporated into the Work. The legal/contractual relationship sections and the measurement and
<br />payment sections do not apply to this document.
<br />1.3 REFERENCES
<br />1.4 DEFINITIONS
<br />A.Backfill: Soil material used to fill an excavation.
<br />1.Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.
<br />2.Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.
<br />B.Base Course: Course placed between the subgrade and hot-mix asphalt or concrete paving.
<br />C.Bedding Course: Course placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.
<br />D.Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.
<br />E.Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of materials not defined as rock
<br />F.Drainage Course: Course supporting the slab-on-grade that also minimizes upward capillary flow of pore water.
<br />G.Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.
<br />1.Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Architect. Authorized additional excavation and
<br />replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions changes in the Work.
<br />2.Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Architect. Unauthorized excavation, as well as
<br />remedial work directed by Architect, shall be without additional compensation.
<br />H.Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.
<br />I.Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or
<br />below the ground surface.
<br />J.Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below base, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.
<br />K.Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of materials encountered regardless of nature of materials, including rock.
<br />L.Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground services within buildings.
<br />1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS
<br />A.Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted in writing by Architect and then only after arranging to provide temporary
<br />utility services according to requirements indicated.
<br />PART 2 - PRODUCTS
<br />2.1 SOIL MATERIALS
<br />A.General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.
<br />B.Satisfactory Soils: Sand, gravel, friable earth, or non-expansive clays, subject to Testing Laboratory's approval. Fill and backfill material shall be free of organic material, slag, cinders,
<br />expansive soils, trash or rubble and stones having maximum dimension greater than [6 inches].
<br />C.Unsatisfactory Soils: Expansive and other soils as defined in the project's geotechnical investigation report.
<br />1.Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.
<br />D.Base Course: Material conforming to SSPWC section 200-2.2, Crushed Aggregate Base or SSPWC section 200-2.4 Crushed Miscellaneous Base.
<br />E.Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a
<br />1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.
<br />F.Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded clean, crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent passing a 3/8-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200
<br />sieve.
<br />G.Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed, crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a
<br />1-1/2-inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 sieve.
<br />2.2 ACCESSORIES
<br />A.Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously
<br />inscribed with a description of the utility. Color coding shall be according to the American Public Works Association (APWA) standards:
<br />1.Blue - Potable water and fire suppression lines.
<br />2.Green - Sanitary sewer and storm drain lines
<br />3.Orange - Communication, alarm or signal lines
<br />4.Purple - Reclaimed water, irrigation, and slurry lines
<br />5.Red - Electrical power lines, cables, conduit and lighting lines
<br />6.Yellow - Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous material lines.
<br />PART 3 - EXECUTION
<br />3.1 PREPARATION
<br />A.Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by
<br />earthwork operations.
<br />B.Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation, topsoil, debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in Division 2
<br />Section "Site Clearing" or “Demolition”.
<br />C.Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in Division 2 Section "Site Clearing" or “Demolition,” during earthwork operations.
<br />3.2 EXCAVATION
<br />A.Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include
<br />rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.
<br />1.If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.
<br />3.3 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES
<br />A.Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and
<br />removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections.
<br />1.Excavations for Footings and Foundations: Do not disturb bottom of excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade just before placing concrete reinforcement. Trim bottoms to
<br />required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.
<br />3.4 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS
<br />A.Excavate surfaces under walks and pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades.
<br />3.5 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES
<br />A.Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.
<br />B.Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide 6 inch clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe
<br />or conduit, unless otherwise indicated.
<br />C.Trench Bottoms: Excavate and shape trench bottoms to provide uniform bearing and support of pipes and conduit. Shape subgrade to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and
<br />barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits. Remove projecting stones and sharp objects along trench subgrade.
<br />1.Excavate trenches 6 inches deeper than elevation required in rock or other unyielding bearing material, 4 inches deeper elsewhere, to allow for bedding course.
<br />3.6 SUBGRADE INSPECTION
<br />A.Proof-roll subgrade below the building slabs and pavements with heavy pneumatic-tired equipment to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof-roll wet or
<br />saturated subgrades.
<br />B.Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Architect, without additional compensation.
<br />3.7 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION
<br />A.Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top elevation.
<br />Lean concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 2500 psi, may be used when approved by Architect.
<br />1.Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction or utility pipe as directed by Architect.
<br />3.8 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS
<br />A.Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown
<br />dust.
<br />1.Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees.
<br />3.9 UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL
<br />A.Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
<br />B.Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints,
<br />fittings, and bodies of conduits.
<br />C.Backfill trenches excavated under footings and within 18 inches of bottom of footings with satisfactory soil; fill with concrete to elevation of bottom of footings. Concrete is specified in
<br />Division 3 Section Cast-in-Place Concrete.
<br />D.Provide blanket protection for all utility pipes and conduits under driveways, roadways, parking lots, and other vehicular path of travel per APWA Standard Plan 225-1 where the
<br />minimum cover over the pipes and conduits is less than 36”.
<br />E.Place and compact initial backfill of satisfactory soil, free of particles larger than 1 inch in any dimension, to a height of 12 inches over the utility pipe or conduit.
<br />1.Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on both sides and along the full length of utility piping or conduit to avoid damage or displacement of
<br />piping or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.
<br />F.Place and compact final backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.
<br />G.Install warning tape directly above utilities, minimum 6 inches above top of pipe, minimum 12 inches below finished grade, except 6 inches below subgrade under pavements and slabs.
<br />3.10 SOIL FILL
<br />A.Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.
<br />B.Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:
<br />1.Under grass and planted areas, use satisfactory soil material.
<br />2.Under walks and pavements, use engineered fill.
<br />3.Under steps and ramps, use engineered fill.
<br />4.Under building slabs, use engineered fill.
<br />5.Under footings and foundations, use engineered fill.
<br />3.11 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL
<br />A.Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.
<br />1.Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.
<br />2.Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit
<br />weight.
<br />3.12 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS
<br />A.Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for
<br />material compacted by hand-operated tampers.
<br />B.Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure.
<br />C.Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557:
<br />1.Under structures, building slabs, steps, and pavements, scarify and recompact top 12 inches of existing subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill soil material to 95 percent.
<br />2.Under walkways, scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material to 90 percent.
<br />3.Under lawn or unpaved areas, scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material to 85 percent.
<br />4.For utility trenches, compact each layer of initial and final backfill soil material to 85 percent.
<br />3.13 GRADING
<br />A.General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations
<br />indicated.
<br />B.Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:
<br />1.Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.
<br />2.Walks: Plus or minus 1 inch.
<br />3.Pavements: Plus or minus 1/2 inch.
<br />C.Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch when tested with a 10-foot straightedge.
<br />3.14 BASE COURSES
<br />A.Place base course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
<br />B.On prepared subgrade, place base course under pavements and walks as follows:
<br />1.Shape base course to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.
<br />2.Compact base course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to
<br />ASTM D 1557.
<br />3.15 DRAINAGE COURSE
<br />A.Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
<br />B.On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place concrete slabs-on-grade as follows:
<br />1.Place drainage course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick.
<br />2.Compact each layer of drainage course to required cross sections and thicknesses to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.
<br />3.16 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
<br />A.Testing Agency: Owner will engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.
<br />B.Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with
<br />requirements.
<br />C.Footing Subgrade: At footing subgrades, at least one test of each soil stratum will be performed to verify design bearing capacities. Subsequent verification and approval of other
<br />footing subgrades may be based on a visual comparison of subgrade with tested subgrade when approved by Architect.
<br />D.Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable.
<br />E.When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth
<br />required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.
<br />3.17 PROTECTION
<br />A.Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.
<br />B.Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent
<br />construction operations or weather conditions.
<br />C.Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.
<br />1.Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.
<br />3.18 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS
<br />A.Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Owner's property.
<br />END OF SECTION 31 20 00
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