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Table 3 –Thermal Runaway Barriers <br />Barrier Barrier Description <br />THREAT BARRIERS <br />Battery Management System <br />(BMS) <br />The BMS provides sensing and control of critical <br />parameters and triggers protective or corrective actions if <br />the system is operating out of normal parameters.These <br />Parameters include over-voltage,over-discharge,over- <br />temperature,under-temperature.In the event of any <br />abnormal conditions,the BMS will first raise an <br />information warning and then trigger a corresponding <br />corrective action should certain levels be reached.In any <br />event of out specification as stated above the BMS will <br />stop the charge current by opening the MOSFET.Should <br />the MOSFET fail,the BMS will trigger the second layer <br />protection and thereby activate the battery circuit <br />breaker to disconnect the battery from the power <br />source/charging source as tested in UL1973. <br />Temperature Protection The battery is intended to function over a wide <br />temperature range and was tested in UL/IEC 62368 in <br />over a temperature range of –40C to +60C.A 1000 W <br />heater is included in the B160 to maintain the battery <br />compartment in its best operating range.33C.The heater <br />control is automatic.The heater operates when internal <br />temperature reaches 5C.The heater ceases operation <br />about 15C.The battery is not expected to operate at <br />temperatures below -33C. <br />Over Current Protection - <br />Electrical <br />The battery charging system includes over current <br />protection in the form of BMS Control/MOSFET/Circuit <br />Breaker,which limits the charging current to the battery. <br />The battery discharge current is limited by BMS <br />Control/MOSFET/Circuit Breaker,which limits the current <br />drain and load current in the event of a short-circuit or <br />overload of the battery.In this manner,the battery is <br />maintained in its normal operating range. <br />Over Current Protection – <br />Mechanical <br />The likelihood of short-circuits on the output of the battery <br />are reduced through mechanical design and construction <br />using wire routing away from sharp and moving parts. <br />Confidentiality Class External Confidentiality Label Document Type Page <br />Ericsson Internal Analysis 14 (27) <br />Prepared By (Subject Responsible)Approved By (Document Responsible)Checked <br />ERATLEN Thomas Lennholm <br />Document Number Revision Date Reference <br />1785-BFM 107 220/1 Uen PA2 2025-06-03