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HomeMy WebLinkAbout010409_Template-KelloggHouse_3101WHarvard.pdfPage 1 of 5 cm\historic\templates\Harvard 3101 W (Kellogg) 8/9/01 NAME Kellogg House REF. NO. 252 ADDRESS 3101 West Harvard Street, Building A CITY Santa Ana ZIP 92704 ORANGE COUNTY YEAR BUILT 1898 LOCAL REGISTER CATEGORY: Landmark HISTORIC DISTRICT NEIGHBORHOOD N/A NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION B, C NATIONAL REGISTER STATUS CODE 3S Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted USGS 7.5” Quad Date: T R ¼ of ¼ of Sec : B.M. Prehistoric Historic Both ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: Mixed/Late Victorian (Queen Anne, Shingle Style, Colonial Revival) DESCRIPTION/BACKGROUND RELATED TO PERIOD ARCHITECTURE: The Queen Anne style (also known as the Queen Anne Revival) dominated residential architectural design during the last 20 years of the 19th century in the West, and was nearly as influential on early commercial buildings. Identifying features include the front-facing gable roof, ornate decoration of wood or metal along the eave and in the gable end, avoidance of flat wall surfaces through the use of applied ornamentation of wood or metal, and classical columns or pilasters. Multi-storied residential and commercial examples often incorporated bay windows, sometimes topped with towers. The style borrowed heavily from late Medieval models, with the addition of other regional interpretations. Some of the most well developed examples can be found in California and in the southern states (McAlester, 263-268). Page 2 of 5 cm\historic\templates\Harvard 3101 W (Kellogg) 8/9/01 The Shingle Style, named by architectural historian Vincent Scully in his book of the same name published in 1955, was predominantly a residential style dating from the 1880s through the first decade of the 20th century. Marrying characteristics of the Queen Anne Revival, the Colonial Revival, and Richardsonian Romanesque, the style is recognizable by walls of shingles, at least on the upper stories. Ground or basement levels are often masonry. The Shingle Style is more horizontal than its Queen Anne Revival predecessor, but often incorporates rounded towers, balconies, bays, and porches from the earlier genre. Roofs are usually gabled or gambreled (Whiffen, 127-132). Other common features include clustering of windows, classical columns, arched openings, and dormer windows. The overall emphasis is on a complex shape enclosed within the shingled exterior, rather than on the decoration of individual building elements (McAlester, 288-291). The most universal of all American domestic building styles, the Colonial Revival has been popular since the 1876 Centennial celebration in Philadelphia stimulated a patriotic interest in the American architectural past. Whether drawing upon Georgian, Federal, or Dutch Colonial prototypes, Colonial Revival buildings feature rectangular building plans and designs which are usually symmetrical, or at least highly regular and balanced, in composition. Roofs are commonly side-gabled, hipped, or gambreled, sometimes accented with dormers. Porches, one or two stories in height, are often included, mostly as central focal points, and frequently incorporate classical elements such as columns, pilasters, and entablatures. Doorways are adorned with classical surrounds and pediments; sidelights, transoms, and fanlights are not uncommon. Windows are typically double-hung sash, with multiple lights in the upper sash. French doors and Palladian windows are also utilized. Depending on location, Colonial Revival buildings have wood, brick, or stucco exteriors (McAlester, 320-326). CONSTRUCTION HISTORY: (Construction data, alterations, and date of alterations) Constructed in 1898. Dining room cabinets, master bedroom closet added in 1915. Moved in 1980. Restored in 1985. RELATED FEATURES: (Other important features such as barns, sheds, fences, prominent or unusual trees, or landscape) The Kellogg House is located at the Discovery Museum of Orange County. Other historic features on the grounds of the Discovery Museum include the Maag House, Water Tower, and Carriage House. Recreated or new features include cobblestone retaining walls, concrete steps and path, wrought iron gate, kitchen herb garden, orange grove, and other garden plantings and elements. DESCRIPTION: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, settings, and boundaries.) The Kellogg House combines the architectural characteristics of the Queen Anne, Shingle Style, and Colonial Revival. Two and a half-stories in height, the wood frame building is clad with narrow horizontal wood lapboards and sits on a cobblestone foundation. A steeply pitched hip roof with boxed eaves is crowned with wrought iron cresting. Rising above a rounded bay on the south elevation, a conical tower is surmounted by a turned finial. Centered on the east façade, a front gabled dormer features a lacy sawn bargeboard. The dormer is sheathed with shingles; rests on a curved, bracketed, and shingled ledge; and contains a double casement with Gothic influenced muntins. Circling the building, a wide belt course between stories is adorned with a garland design. The three bay façade contains a two bay porch in the center and north which abuts a rounded bay on the south. Tuscan columns, a turned wood balustrade, and cobblestone piers define the porch and frame the bay. An additional balustrade tops the bay to form a small balcony on the upper floor. Three double-hung windows are located at the south end of the upper façade and a pair of double-hung windows occupy the north end. The porch contains the main entry, a decoratively paneled door with an oval glass insert, and a secondary entrance placed perpendicular to the primary door. Elevated above ground level, the house sits on a grassy platform edged by cobblestone retaining walls. These walls, as well as the other stone features (foundation and piers), are replicas of the originals. Other modifications include tinted or filmed glass, a new rear (west) deck, and somewhat more elaborate cresting than might have been used originally. The interior also exhibits a remarkable integrity, with an oval wood staircase arranged around a central “mast,” oval dining room with inlaid flooring and built-in cabinetry, and front office with fireplace among the most noteworthy features. Page 3 of 5 cm\historic\templates\Harvard 3101 W (Kellogg) 8/9/01 HISTORIC HIGHLIGHTS: Hiram Clay and Helen Kellogg built this house at 122 South Orange Avenue in 1898. Home to succeeding generations of Kelloggs, the house stood at the corner of South Orange and Walnut until 1980, when it was purchased and moved to its present site by the Santa Ana Unified School District. Born in 1855 in northern California, Hiram Clay Kellogg moved with his family to a ranch south of Anaheim in 1869. He was educated at Wilson College in Wilmington, graduating with a degree in civil engineering in 1879. Over the next 40 years, he distinguished himself as an engineer in California, Arizona, and Hawaii, becoming, amongst other achievements, the first City Engineer of Santa Ana. His early work included laying out vineyards in Anaheim, Placentia, and Pasadena. In 1883 he surveyed the townsite of Elsinore, followed a few years later by a survey of Corona. At various times he was the engineer for the Anaheim Union Water Company, the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company, and the Newport Protection District. He was elected as Orange County Surveyor in 1894. Out of state work included supervision of the construction of a dam at Gila Bend, Arizona, and construction of two reservoirs in Hawaii. Another venture was the design, construction, and operation of the railroad from San Bernardino to Riverside. Kellogg conducted much of his business out of his office in the southeast corner of his house. H. C. Kellogg died in 1921. Married in 1895, Helen Kellogg survived her husband for over four decades, dying in the room he had used as his office in 1963. The family retained ownership of the house until 1980. RESOURCE ATTRIBUTES: (List attributes and codes from Appendix 4 of Instructions for Recording Historical Resources, Office of Historic Preservation.) HP2. Single-family property RESOURCES PRESENT: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other MOVED? No Yes Unknown Date: 1980 Original Location: 122 South Orange Avenue STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, geographic scope, and integrity.) Santa Ana was founded by William Spurgeon in 1869 as a speculative townsite on part of the Spanish land grant known as Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. Early growth and development was stimulated by the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1878 and the Santa Fe Railroad in 1886. By the end of the 1880s, Santa Ana’s downtown business district was defined by five city blocks of brick commercial buildings on Fourth Street, with the heart of the city at the intersection of Fourth and Main Streets (Thomas, 8:1). Following its incorporation as a city in 1886, Santa Ana was recognized as one of the leading communities in the area in 1889 when it became the seat of the newly created County of Orange. The Kellogg House was built in 1898 by Hiram Clay Kellogg just south of the downtown commercial district and the civic center. The first City Engineer of Santa Ana, Kellogg was responsible for numerous regional engineering projects. In the spirit of innovation, Kellogg incorporated several unique design elements into the house. These include maritime features such as in-wall storage, a spiral staircase with a bottomless crow’s-nest, and an oval dining room. The exterior of the two-story, 3600 square foot house illustrates the eclectic combination of features sometimes tagged as an “American Foursquare” or a “Classic Box” which was highly characteristic of the years just before and after 1900. These include the box-like massing beneath a hipped roof, Queen Anne tower and roof cresting, Shingle Style dormer window, and the Colonial Revival porch and beltcourse. The house is remarkable in that other than the modifications made to accommodate the move to the present site in 1980, the relatively few changes made since 1898 reflect only the family’s evolving tastes and requirements. Although relocated, the house remains the embodiment of a town house constructed by a prosperous and prominent Santa Ana resident. With exception of the non-original features itemized above, all exterior features and most interior spaces of the Kellogg House should be treated as character defining and should be preserved. Page 4 of 5 cm\historic\templates\Harvard 3101 W (Kellogg) 8/9/01 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: The Kellogg House is eligible for inclusion in the Santa Register of Historical Property under several criteria. (1) It embodies “the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural . . . period,” specifically the years around the turn of the 20th century. (3) Kellogg’s unique interior designs, specifically the treatment of the staircase and the dining room, qualify the house as a “rare structure” with “original designs.” (4b) The house is associated with Hiram Clay Kellogg and his family, who were, in view of H.C.’s accomplishments, “famous people, original settlers, renowned organizations and businesses.” In addition, the Kellogg House appears eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources under Criteria 2 and 3 for historical association and architectural merit. Although moved, the Kellogg House may also still qualify for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion B, for association with H. C. Kellogg. The Kellogg House has been categorized as “Landmark” in that it appears to be eligible to be placed on the [state] register”; it “has historical/cultural significance to the City of Santa Ana”; and it “has unique architectural significance” (Municipal Code Section 30-2.2(1)). OWNER AND ADDRESS: Santa Ana Unified School District 1405 French Street Santa Ana, CA 92701-2414 RECORDED BY: (Name, affiliation, and address) Leslie J. Heumann Science Applications International Corporation 35 S. Raymond Avenue, Suite 204, Pasadena, CA 91105 DATE RECORDED: April 9, 2001 SURVEY TYPE: (Intensive, reconnaissance, or other) Intensive survey REPORT CITATION: (Cite survey report and other sources) Les, Kathleen. Historic Resources Inventory Orange/Cypress Streets, January 1980, page 26 of 45. Page 5 of 5 cm\historic\templates\Harvard 3101 W (Kellogg) 8/9/01 REFERENCES: (List documents, date of publication, and page numbers. May also include oral interviews.) www.discoverymuseumoc.org/sites/kell.html The Discovery Museum of Orange County. “Kellogg House Self-Guided Walking Tour.” Harris, Cyril M. American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. New York, WW Norton, 1998. Marsh, Diann. Santa Ana, An Illustrated History. Encinitas, Heritage Publishing, 1994. Marsh, Diann. “The Kellogg House.” www.santaanahistory.com/articles/kellogg McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. National Register Bulletin 16A. “How to Complete the National Register Registration Form.” Washington DC: National Register Branch, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, 1991. Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969. EVALUATOR: Leslie J. Heumann DATE OF EVALUATION: April 9, 2001 EXPLANATION OF CODES: • National Register Criteria for Evaluation: (From Appendix 7 of Instructions for Recording Historical Resources, Office of Historic Preservation) B: that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C: that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. • National Register Status Code: (From Appendix 2 of Instructions for Recording Historical Resources, Office of Historic Preservation) 3S: Appears eligible for separate listing.