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6 It should be noted that our analysis represents a screening‐level HRA, which is known to be more conservative, and tends to err on the side of health protection.12 The purpose of a screening‐level HRA, however, is to determine if a more refined HRA needs to be conducted. If the results of a screening‐ level health risk are above applicable thresholds, then the Project needs to conduct a more refined HRA that is more representative of site‐specific concentrations. Our screening‐level HRA demonstrates that construction and operation of the Project could result in a potentially significant health risk impact, when correct exposure assumptions and up‐to‐date, applicable guidance are used. As a result, refined construction and operational HRAs must be prepared to examine air quality impacts generated by Project construction and operation using site‐specific meteorology. An updated EIR should be prepared to adequately evaluate the Project’s health risk impact and should include additional mitigation measures to reduce these impacts to a less‐than‐significant level. Mitigation Measures Available to Reduce Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions Our HRA demonstrates that the Project’s construction‐related DPM emissions could result in significant health risk impacts. Therefore, additional mitigation measures must be identified and incorporated into an updated EIR to reduce these emissions to a less than significant level. Additional mitigation measures can be found in CAPCOA’s Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures, which attempt to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) levels, as well as reduce Criteria Air Pollutants such as particulate matter.13 DPM is a byproduct of diesel fuel combustion, and is emitted by on‐road vehicles and by off‐road construction equipment. Mitigation for DPM emissions should include consideration of the following measures in an effort to reduce construction emissions. Require Implementation of Diesel Control Measures The Northeast Diesel Collaborative (NEDC) is a regionally coordinated initiative to reduce diesel emissions, improve public health, and promote clean diesel technology. The NEDC recommends that contracts for all construction projects require the following diesel control measures:14  All diesel onroad vehicles on site for more than 10 total days must have either (1) engines that meet EPA 2007 onroad emissions standards or (2) emission control technology verified by EPA15 or the California Air Resources Board (CARB)16 to reduce PM emissions by a minimum of 85 percent.  All diesel generators on site for more than 10 total days must be equipped with emission control technology verified by EPA or CARB to reduce PM emissions by a minimum of 85 percent. 12 http://oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/2015/2015GuidanceManual.pdf p. 1‐5 13http://www.capcoa.org/wp‐content/uploads/2010/11/CAPCOA‐Quantification‐Report‐9‐14‐Final.pdf 14 Diesel Emission Controls in Construction Projects, available at:http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015‐09/documents/nedc‐model‐contract‐sepcification.pdf 15 For EPA’s list of verified technology: http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/diesel/verification/verif‐list.htm 16 For CARB’s list of verified technology: http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/vt/cvt.htm