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ER Carey et d Addictive Behaviors Reports 8(2018)95 101
<br /> item across products was curiosity (24.7%for e-cigarettes, 13.7% for among Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups,with two exceptions.Among
<br /> hookah, 11.8% for cigarettes, and 7.3% for cigars), while the least Hispanic adolescents only,intention to use displayed the largest factor
<br /> commonly endorsed item was intention to use (9.3% for e-cigarettes, loading(P=0.888,SE=0.090)for cigarette susceptibility,while peer
<br /> 6.1% for hookah, 4.5%for cigarettes, and 3.8%for cigars). Based on influence displayed the largest factor loading(3 =0.931,SE=0.070)
<br /> derived susceptibility variables,29.4%of adolescents were susceptible for cigar susceptibility. Additional tests to examine differences in the
<br /> to e-cigarettes, 17.4%susceptible to hookah, 17.0% susceptible to ci- measurement of each product specific construct when ethnicity is in-
<br /> garettes, and 11.5% susceptible to cigars; 26.2% were susceptible to cluded in the model, ethnicity was significant to the measurement of
<br /> any combustible product(hookah,cigarettes, or cigars). susceptibility to e-cigarettes, but not to the measurement of suscept-
<br /> Significant differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic adoles- ibility to other products (results not shown). However, the overall
<br /> cents were observed for family SES,e-cigarette susceptibility,cigarette model fit, as well as factor loadings and the significance of each sus-
<br /> susceptibility, and susceptibility to any combustible product. For e-ci- ceptibility item,remained consistent with e-cigarette models presented
<br /> garette susceptibility,Hispanic adolescents, compared to non-Hispanic in Table 2.
<br /> adolescents, endorsed curiosity (26.9%versus 22.2%) and peer influ-
<br /> ence (17.9% versus 13.0%) items more often and had a higher pre-
<br /> valence of being susceptible (32.4%versus 26.0%). For cigarette sus- 3.3. Predictive validity
<br /> ceptibility, Hispanic adolescents, compared to non-Hispanic
<br /> adolescents, endorsed curiosity more often (13.3%versus 10.0%)and Among the total population, there were significant differences in
<br /> had a higher prevalence of being susceptible (19.9% versus 13.9%). ever use at 6, 12, and 18 months based on susceptibility status at
<br /> Hispanic adolescents had a higher prevalence of being susceptible to baseline for e-cigarettes, cigarettes,hookah, and any combustible pro-
<br /> any combustible product (29.1%) compared to non-Hispanic adoles- duct (Fig. 1). Specifically, 6.3% of adolescents susceptible to e-cigar-
<br /> cents(22.9%). ettes at baseline used e-cigarettes at 6 months,11.3%at 12 months,and
<br /> 13.8% at 18 months, versus 0.9%, 2.1%, and 4.6%of non-susceptible
<br /> adolescents, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). Of those susceptible to
<br /> 3.2. Confirmatory factor analysis cigarettes at baseline, 2.6% used cigarettes at 6 months, 6.6% at
<br /> 12 months, and 9.4% at 18 months, versus 0.7%, 1.5%, and 2.8% of
<br /> For the CFA among the total population and by Hispanic and non- non-susceptible adolescents, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). Of those
<br /> Hispanic ethnicity (Fable 2), parameter estimates for each item (curi- susceptible to hookah at baseline,1.3%used hookah at 6 months,2.7%
<br /> osity,intention to use,and peer influence)were significant(p < 0.001) at 12 months, and 3.8%at 18 months, versus 0%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of
<br /> and displayed large loadings onto product specific susceptibility latent non-susceptible adolescents, respectively (p < 0.05 for all). Among
<br /> factors. Goodness-of-fit statistics suggested each susceptibility model adolescents susceptible to any combustible product at baseline, 3.7%
<br /> was an appropriate fit to the data (RMSEA < 0.06, CFI > 0.95, used any combustible product at 6 months, 7.4% at 12 months, and
<br /> TLI > 0.95, WRMR < 1.0 for all) among the total population and 12.3% at 18 months, versus 0.7%, 1.7%, and 3.5%of non-susceptible
<br /> Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups specifically. adolescents, respectively(p < 0.05 for all).There were no significant
<br /> Among the total population, peer influence displayed the largest differences in cigar ever use at any time point based on susceptibility to
<br /> factor loading for e-cigarette susceptibility (3=0.980, SE=0.029), cigars at baseline.
<br /> cigarette susceptibility (3=0.904, SE=0.055), and hookah suscept- When ethnicity was considered as a potential effect modifier of
<br /> ibility (3=0.951, SE=0.025), while intention to use displayed the these relationships, few differences were noted.Among Hispanic ado-
<br /> largest factor loading for cigar susceptibility(P=0.928, SE=0.042). lescents, there were no significant differences in cigarette ever use at
<br /> Curiosity displayed the lowest loading for all susceptibility constructs 6 months based on susceptibility to cigarettes at baseline; significant
<br /> among the total population (3=0.802, SE=0.036 for e-cigarettes; differences in ever use only emerged at 12 and 18 months(p < 0.05 for
<br /> 0=0.644, SE=0.070 for cigarettes; 0=0.818, SE=0.043 for both). Among non-Hispanic adolescents, there were significant differ-
<br /> hookah; 0=0.755,SE=0.052 for cigars). ences in cigar ever use at 12 and 18 months based on susceptibility to
<br /> Results were consistent overall when examining each construct cigars at baseline, with 4.2% of susceptible adolescents using at
<br /> Table 2
<br /> Confirmatory factor analysis of susceptibility items for each product, total population and by ethnicity among never users at baseline, TATAMS (n=2844;
<br /> N=318,097).
<br /> Susceptibility constructs Total Hispanic Non-Hispanic
<br /> Factor loading S.E. p-Value Factor loading S.E. p-Value Factor loading S.E. p-Value
<br /> E-cigarettes
<br /> Curiosity 0.802 0.036 <0.001 0.781 0.050 <0.001 0.824 0.041 <0.001
<br /> Intention 0.865 0.029 <0.001 0.825 0.049 <0.001 0.914 0.026 <0.001
<br /> Friends 0.980 0.029 <0.001 1.000 0.041 <0.001 0.958 0.031 <0.001
<br /> Cigarettes
<br /> Curiosity 0.644 0.070 <0.001 0.565 0.111 <0.001 0.735 0.079 <0.001
<br /> Intention 0.856 0.054 <0.001 0.888 0.090 <0.001 0.831 0.054 <0.001
<br /> Friends 0.904 0.055 <0.001 0.858 0.072 <0.001 0.948 0.073 <0.001
<br /> Hookah
<br /> Curiosity 0.818 0.043 <0.001 0.792 0.071 <0.001 0.854 0.053 <0.001
<br /> Intention 0.934 0.024 <0.001 0.949 0.032 <0.001 0.912 0.031 <0.001
<br /> Friends 0.951 0.025 <0.001 0.959 0.033 <0.001 0.935 0.034 <0.001
<br /> Cigars
<br /> Curiosity 0.755 0.052 <0.001 0.728 0.076 <0.001 0.796 0.052 <0.001
<br /> Intention 0.928 0.042 <0.001 0.909 0.064 <0.001 0.943 0.045 <0.001
<br /> Friends 0.897 0.049 <0.001 0.931 0.070 <0.001 0.858 0.066 <0.001
<br /> Note:SE=standard error.Cigars include large cigars,cigarillos,and little filtered cigars.Factor loadings for each confirmatory factor analysis model are a measure
<br /> of how well each specific item loads onto the respective factor(i.e.,susceptibility construct),ranging from 0(poor association)to 1(strong association).
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