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"Growing evidence shows excessive smartphone use at school interferes with a student's education and success, encourages cyberbullying, and contributes to teenage anxiety, depression, and suicide," stated Assemblymember Muratsuchi. "This new law will encourage school districts to develop their own policy that strikes a balance between allowing appropriate student use of smartphones at school, while making sure that smartphones are not interfering with a student's educational, social and emotional development." Evidence has shown that unrestricted use of smartphones by students at schools lowers academic performance, particularly among low-achieving students; promotes cyberbullying; and contributes to teenage mental health issues. Between 2009 and 2017, the number of 14 to 17 year olds experiencing clinical level depression jumped more than 60%, with a 47% increase among 12 to 13 year olds. AB 272 will take effect in January 2020. https://socialemotionalpaws.com/blog-post-1/f/al-muratsuchis-assembly-bill-ab- 272-banning-smartphones-in-sc # 16. Orange County YMCA Esports under 13 years old that should never be permitted https://ymcaoc.org/esports/ # 17.Federal legislation provides guidance to States by identifying a minimum set of acts or behaviors that define child abuse and neglect. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (42 U.S.C.A. § 51069), as amended by the CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum: "Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation"; or "An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm." This definition of child abuse and neglect refers specifically to parents and other caregivers. A "child" under this definition generally means a person who is younger than age 18 or who is not an emancipated minor. 17