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Digital platforms also harm children and teens through unfair digital advertising practices,
<br /> including surveillance advertising and influencer marketing. These techniques make it harder
<br /> for young people to recognize content as advertising designed to influence their behaviors and
<br /> defend themselves against it, rendering them vulnerable to the influence of corporate actors
<br /> that can collect and utilize data to target them with precision.
<br /> Children face pervasive and inappropriate advertising from a young age: According to one
<br /> study, more than 95% of early childhood videos on YouTube contain ads, and one in five videos
<br /> viewed by children 8 and under contained ads that were not age-appropriate, such as ads that
<br /> featured violent or sexualized content.93 Researchers have also found a high rate of age-
<br /> inappropriate advertisements on preschool apps94 and have found that the educational
<br /> potential of children's apps is severely degraded by the high number of disruptive ads that
<br /> appear, particularly on free apps that are more likely to be used by low-income children.91
<br /> Surveillance advertising
<br /> Surveillance advertising—targeted advertising using personal data collected by websites and
<br /> platforms—is the dominant form of marketing online. Programmatic data-driven advertising
<br /> accounted for 90% of display ads in the U.S. last year.96 This pervasive form of advertising draws
<br /> on massive amounts of data about young people. By some estimates, advertisers already
<br /> possess over 13 million data points about a child by the time they turn 13, despite the fact that
<br /> the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) requires parental permission before
<br /> sharing the personal information of children 12 and under with advertisers.97 These data are
<br /> drawn from countless daily activities, including web surfing, interacting with friends on social
<br /> media, and recording messages and exchanging images and other communications on
<br /> computers, phones, and tablets.98 Smart home technologies allow companies to collect data on
<br /> a young person's home life; extended reality (virtual, augmented, and mixed reality) devices
<br /> can collect unique biometric data.
<br /> 93 Radesky,J.S.,Schaller,A.,Yeo,S. L.,Weeks, H. M.,& Robb, M.B. "Young kids and YouTube: How ads,toys,and
<br /> games dominate viewing."Common Sense Media, (2020),
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<br /> I........././..............................................l..q..................................................................................................................................../.......................... ........................................./.......................... .........I.............................. ................................................. ....................................Y.........................f........................................................................
<br /> 94 Meyer M,Adkins V,Yuan N,Weeks HM,Chang YJ, Radesky J. "Advertising in Young Children's Apps:A Content
<br /> Analysis."J Dev Behav Pediatr, (Jan.2019), 17„G;G,as: auslarrici.i7clai.i7lrri.i7il7.;c,v/,3,CY,3„f, ,6,4,6, .
<br /> 95 Meyer, M.,Zosh,J.M., McLaren,C., Robb, M., McCaffery, H.,Golinkoff, R.M., Hirsh-Pasek, K.,& Radesky,J."How
<br /> educational are"educational"apps for young children?App store content analysis using the Four Pillars of
<br /> Learning framework."Journal of Children and Media, (2021),
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<br /> 96 Meaghan Yuen,Programmatic Digital Display Advertising in 2022:Ad Spend, Formats, and Forecast, Insider
<br /> Intelligence(May 23 2022),.................I).s. .. . d
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<br /> 97 SuperAwesome Launches Kid-Safe Filter to Prevent Online Ads from Stealing Children's Personal Data,
<br /> Su erAwesome(Dec.6 2018), ].d I).s.: /.yy.muL
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<br /> 98 Wolfie Christi,Corporate Surveillance in Everyday Life:How Companies Collect, Combine,Analyze, Trade, and Use
<br /> Personal Data on Billions,Cracked Labs(June 2017),
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<br /> Testimony of Josh Golin, Fairplay, February 14, 2023 15
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