Item 59 - Annual Statement of Investment Policy

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City of Santa - Annual Statement of Investment Policy July 1, 2022 - June 30, 2023 Page K INVERTED YIELD CURVE: A chart formation that illustrates long-term securities having lower yields than short-term securities. This configuration usually occurs during periods of high inflation coupled with low levels of confidence in the economy and a restrictive monetary policy. INVESTMENT-GRADE OBLIGATIONS: An investment instrument suitable for purchase by institutional investors under the prudent person rule. Investment-grade is restricted to those obligations rated BBB or higher by a rating agency. LADDERING: Is a bond investment strategy whereby an investor staggers the maturity of the bonds in his/her portfolio so that the bond proceeds can be reinvested at regular intervals. Laddering avoids the risk of reinvesting a large portion of assets in an unfavorable financial environment. Each "rung" of the ladder is a bond of a specific maturity date and the "height" of the ladder is the difference between the shortest maturity bond and the longest maturity bond. Benefits of utilizing a rolling inventory of bonds with “laddered” maturities are primarily three-fold: (1) Interest rate risk is decreased by holding both short-term and long-term bonds thereby spreading risk along the interest rate curve. If rates are rising, as one bond matures the funds can be re-invested into higher yield bonds. (2) - Decrease re-investment risk because as one bond in the ladder matures, the cash is re-invested, but it only represents a portion of the total portfolio. Even if prevailing rates at the time of re-investment are lower than the previous bond was returning, the smaller amount of reinvestment dollars mitigates the risk of investing a lot of cash at a low return. (3) - Maintain steady cash flows to encourage regular saving to encourage an income-producing portfolio. MARK -TO-MARKET: The process whereby the book value or collateral value of a security is adjusted to reflect its current market value. OFFER PRICE (OR OFFER): The price asked by a seller of securities. (When you are buying securities, you ask for an offer.) See Asked Price and Bid Price. OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS: Purchases and sales of government and certain other securities in the open market by the New York Federal Reserve Bank as directed by the FOMC in order to influence the volume of money and credit in the economy. Purchases inject reserves into the bank system and stimulate growth of money and credit; sales have the opposite effect. Open market operations are the Federal Reserve's most important and most flexible monetary policy tool. PASSBOOK SAVINGS ACCOUNT: A savings account in which deposits and withdrawals are recorded in the depositor's passbook. QUALIFIED PUBLIC DEPOSITORIES: A financial institution which does not claim exemption from the payment of any sales or compensating use or ad valorem taxes under the laws of this state, which has segregated for the benefit of the commission eligible collateral having a value of not less than its maximum liability and which has been approved by the Public Deposit Protection Commission to hold public deposits. REINVESTMENT RISK: The risk that a fixed-income investor will be unable to reinvest income proceeds from a security holding at the same rate of return currently generated by that holding. SEC RULE 15(C)3-1 [Uniform Net Capital Rule]: Every broker or dealer must at all times have and maintain net capital no less than the greater of the highest minimum requirement applicable to its ratio requirement under paragraph (a)(1) of this section, or to any of its activities under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and must otherwise not be “insolvent” as that term is defined in paragraph (c)(16) of this section.