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169 27.9% of the housing stock changed hands in that year. Although this remains true, there has been a large group of residents who have volunteered and participated throughout the entire first year. The problems of transiency may be balanced by those residents who remain in the neighborhood who are very committed to making a positive impact. RISK FACTOR: INDICATORS: RISK LEVEL: Low Neighborhood Attachment and Community Disorganization Population Voting in Presidential Election Homicide Rate Rental Housing Vacancy Rate High An examination of the County Registrar's records revealed that the number of Santa Ana residents who turned out to vote in 1980 was 4l % below the national average, (34.9% versus 59.2%). Voter turn out decreased an additional 10% in 1992 to just 24.5% in Santa Ana. The homicide rate in Santa Ana was almost double the national average in 1989, (18.2 versus 9.2 per 100,000 population). Since then, the homicide rate has continued to increase, peaking at 25.6 per 100,000 population in 1993, dropping to 24.0 in 1994. It is feared that this rate may continue to increase in the target area due to the release of criminals upon completion of their prison sentence. Rental housing vacancies in Santa Ana are below the average for all four regions of the United States. The percentage of the population that reported voting in Santa Ana is 34.9 as compared to the U.S. average of 59.2 in 1980. In the target area, the percentage is 24.5 in 1992. This may be a result of the community's inability to vote because of non-citizen status. Whether the lack of voting is voluntary or out of residents' control the fact that the target population lacks a vehicle for voicing its opinion. These factors also remain constant, however, the effects of the committment of those residents who remain as long-term residents balances the negative effects of these risk factors. Regardless of their ability to vote, there are many long-term residents who have made a 'positive impact on their community through their volunteer service and by becoming educated in a way that places them in leadership positions. RISK FACTOR: Extreme Economic and Social Deprivation INDICATORS: RISK LEVEL: Persons Living Below Poverty Level Children Living Below Poverty Level Families Living Below Poverty Level School Free and Reduced Lunch Program Aid to Families with Dependent Children Food Stamp Recipients High