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has been most evident with parents who have a very low educational level and who have not <br />become highly involved in community projects. The specific incidents include name calling <br />in Spanish, pinching, grabbing arms and other expressions of frustration. It is evident that <br />these parents need further education on parenting skills, alternative disciplinary techniques, <br />and referrals to child abuse prevention resources. <br /> <br />RISK FACTOR: <br />IN DICATORS: <br /> <br />RISK LEVEL: <br /> <br />Family Conflict <br />Divorce <br />Households with Spouse Absent <br />Moderate <br /> <br />The divorce rate for Santa Ana is comparable to the national average of 4.8 per 1,000 <br />population. However the divorce rate increases to 5.8 per 1,000 population in our target <br />area. The percentage of households with a spouse absent is very close to the national average <br />for hispanic households, (35 versus 30 percent). In the target area the percentage decreases <br />to 28.6%. (The higher divorce rate versus the lower single parent households percent may be <br />explained by divorced parents remarrying or co-habitating, therefore not living in a single- <br />parent household. <br /> <br />RISK FACTOR: <br />INDICATORS: <br /> <br />RISK LEVEL: <br /> <br />Favorable Parental Attitudes and Involvement in the Behavior <br />Adult Violent Crime Arrests <br />Adult Property Crime Arrests <br />Moderate <br /> <br />Santa Ana is well below the average for adult violent crime arrests and comparable for adult <br />property crime arrests. A look at reported violent crimes, not just those leading to arrests, <br />reveals a much higher adult crime rate. In two blocks of the target area, over 500 calls for <br />police service were logged in a ten month period. This high rate of calls was one factor in the <br />police action dubbed "Operation Round-Up" in 1994. <br /> <br />RISK FACTOR: <br />INDICATOR: <br />RISK LEVEL: <br /> <br />Early and Persistent Anti-Social Behavior <br />Suspension and Expulsion Rate <br />Moderate <br /> <br />Santa Ana's expulsion rate per 1000 students is almost three times the county average, 3.6 <br />for Santa Ana versus 1.3 for Orange County. The suspension rate for the city and the county <br />is similar, 47 for the City versus 51 for the county per 1000 students. <br /> <br />RISK FACTOR: <br />INDICATORS: <br /> <br />RISK LEVEL: <br /> <br />Academic Failure in Elementary School <br />CTBS Reading Proficiency <br />CTBS Language Proficiency <br />CTBS Math Proficiency <br />SAT Test Scores <br />High <br /> <br /> <br />