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B. CRAFTSMAN BUNGALOW 1905-1925 A new appreciation for Craftsman Bungalows has become evident within the last two decades of the 1900's. Those interested in quality and fine craftsmanship are purchasing these homes to restore. Featuring an extensive use of wood both inside and out, the Craftsman Bungalow is known for its graceful and informal floor plan with plenty of windows and French doors to let in the light and fresh air. Gustav Stickley is credited for popularizing the Craftsman concept. He was a cabinetmaker who edited a magazine about the Arts and Crafts Movement, which had become very popular in England. In 1903, Stickley began publishing Craftsman Bungalow plans in his magazine and the style caught on quickly. His plans ranged from cozy cottages to very large two-story homes and bungalow courts. Plans could be ordered through the magazine and adapted to suit the owner's own taste. The Arts and Crafts Movement had a deep social significance. William Morris and Phillip Webb were devoted to the restoration of the arts and crafts to society. The back-to-nature concept was a reaction against some of the miserable social conditions present at the turn of the century. Industrialization, pollution, noise, smoke, tenements, ethnic ghetto, child labor, crowded cities, and poverty inspired a return to nature, simplicity, purity, and a healthy environment. Stickley carried the idea further and felt that the structure and function of a building should be appreciated in its basic form. The Craftsman house often seemed to grow out of the ground. The extensive use of brick, fieldstone, natural river rock, wood shingles, and siding were incorporated into the bungalows whenever possible. As the style grew to refinement, it became identified with certain styles, such as english cottages, oriental teahouses, swiss chalets and airplane style. A whole philosophy of life went hand-in-hand with the style. Called the Craftsman ethic, the back-to-nature theme spread to the use of French doors, sleeping porches, informal gardens and ponds, and walls and fences of natural material. Built- in's such as desk, bookcases and buffets were also common features. Natural colors such as buff, beige, forest green, dark brown, soft gold, and tan were popular. Interiors featured Mission-style oak furniture, molded woodwork, wainscoting, large brick fireplaces, polished wood floors, burlap curtains, and wallpaper and friezes with natural subjects. 14