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t w ;cs t SHARED PARKING DEMAND FOR SELECTED LAND USES Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. In I982-1983, ULI, with special funding from many sources, engaged Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. to un- dertake astudy of the shared parking phenomenon. This ar- ticle summarizes the objectives, findings, and recommenda- tions of the study. A published report and a computer pro- gram will be available later this fall. Richard J. Hocking, vice president, Neil S. Kenig, vice president, and John R. Wroble, associate, were project coordinators for Barton- Aschman, which is headquartered in Evanston, Illinois, Editor hared parking is defined as parking space that can be used to serve two or more individual land uses without conflict or encroachment. The shared parking phenomenon has long been ob- served in central business districts, suburban com- munities, and other areas where land uses are combined. It is the result of two conditions: • Variations in the peak accumulation of parked ve- hicles due to time differences in the activity pat- terns of adjacent or nearby land uses (by hour, by day, by season). For example, a parking facility can be used by office. employees during the day and serve patrons of an adjacent theater at night. • Relationships among land use activities that result in people being attracted to two or more land uses on a single auto trip to a given area or develop- ment. While the existence of shared parking is recog- nized by developers and public officials, typical zon- ing codes do not explicitly provide for it. Instead, most zoning codes are expressed in terms of peak parking indices or ratios for major types of individu- al land uses. While the peak ratios reflect the differ- ences in parking demand generated by separate land uses and under certain conditions, they do not re- flect the fact that total or combined peak parking de- mand can be significantly less than the sum of the individual peak demand values. ^~~~~r~~~~~~~^ ~~~~~~~~~~~ri~^ ~r~n~~~~~~~~~^ ~~~~~~~~~~a~~~ ........... ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~FIl ^~~~a~~~~i~~~^ ~I 1! ~ ;; ~:::::::: ~:: .... ^.. s ......:::"^.. ~~i1 ~~~~~~•a~ii~~^ ~i~a~i~i~~~~~ir~l fly •,~`••~i:'•~i:~ ~~~i i~~ti~rr~i~~~r ~, ~ .~ ~~^ ~ ~• Mixed-use developments, such as Water Tower Place in Chicago, highlight the need to plan for shared parking. Study Objective Even though the shared parking phenomenon commonly occurs in a number of specific cases, little literature is available that formally documents the circumstances of shared parking or provides guide- lines for quantifying the extent of shared parking. There is no accepted method for predicting and quantifying shared parking opportunities under a wide range of possible conditions. Thus, research ob- jectives were to: • • identify the primary independent variables affect- ing parking demand in shared parking situations (i.e., for developments involving two or more land uses); • identify the relative effects and universality of those variables; and • develop a standard methodology for analyzing shared parking. 31~,-~5 2 °ientemh,•r ~3/f11~i~iLr71 f1.IPJTf~