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<br />Consulting with the OGC specifications and standards is highly recommended for <br />grantees interested in open, interoperable solutions; especially those involving <br />publishing geospatial data and resources as a service. Many of the specifications, <br />documents, and guidance provided here have been adopted as industry standard, <br />Others are fairly new and not mature. Grantees are encouraged to comply with these <br />consensual guidance and standards wherever relevant to specific projects and <br />objectives, <br /> <br />U.S Army Corps of Engineers CADD/GIS technology Center Spatial Data <br />Standards (http://tsc.wes.armv.mil/products/TSSDS- TSFMS/tssds/htmlD <br />The Spatial Data Standard for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment (SDSFIE) have <br />focused on the development of graphic and non-graphic standards for GIS <br />implementations at Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps installations, U,S, Army <br />Corps of Engineers Civil Works activities, and other Government organizations. <br /> <br />The SDSFIE provides a standardized grouping of geographically referenced (Le" <br />geospatial) features (Le" real-world features or objects depicted graphically on a map at <br />their real-world location (Le" coordinates), Each geospatial feature has an "attached" <br />attribute table containing pertinent data about the geospatial feature. <br /> <br />The National Map (http://nationalmap.aov/) <br />The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) holds responsibility for maintaining nationally <br />consistent foundation data layers that will support the DHS GEA, These data layers <br />include: <br />. High-resolution digital orthorectified imagery from aerial photographs or satellite <br />imagery <br />. High resolution surface elevation data to derive contours and digital terrain <br />models <br />. Vector feature data for hydrography (linear and open water bodies), <br />transportation (roads, railway, and waterways), man made structures, and <br />boundaries <br />. Land Use Land Cover that classifies land surface types <br />. Geographic names of physical and cultural features (to support U,S, Board of <br />Geographic Names) <br /> <br />Through partnerships that include cooperative arrangements for exchange of data, <br />standards development, database development, web mapping services and <br />applications, training, and technology exchange, the USGS has established a network <br />of National Geospatial Partnership Offices and State Liaison positions across the nation <br />( http://nationalmap.usqs.qov/partnerships,html) , <br /> <br />1-4 <br />