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that were made without a request to a Police response (for a total <br />of 499 police calls on hookah parlors over 2 1/2 years). <br />3. This same Police Department Report and news article further <br />states that illegal weapons and underage drinking were found by an <br />Anaheim Police Department vice operation directed at hookah <br />parlors. <br />4. This Police Department Report and news article further stated that <br />some hookah parlors in Anaheim had been the target of fire bombs <br />and arson. <br />5. While there is a widespread belief that smoking from a hookah pipe <br />is safer than other types of tobacco smoking, the World Health <br />Organization ("WHO") reported in 2005 that "waterpipe smokers <br />and second-hand smokers [are] at risk for the same kinds of <br />diseases as are caused by cigarette smoking, including cancer, <br />heart disease, respiratory disease, and adverse effects during <br />pregnancy." <br />6. The WHO investigatory panel also found that a "typical 1-hour long <br />waterpipe smoking session involves inhaling 100-200 times the <br />volume of smoke inhaled with a single cigarette," and that the <br />smoke, even after passing through water, "contains high levels of <br />toxic compounds, including high levels of carbon monoxide, metals <br />and cancer-causing chemicals." <br />7. The WHO investigatory panel also found that sharing a hookah's <br />mouthpiece poses a serious risk of transmission of communicable <br />diseases. <br />8. The WHO investigatory panel found that the common practice of <br />sweetening and flavoring hookah tobacco, giving it a sweet taste <br />and smell, may account for the increase of its use among young <br />people who otherwise avoid smoking. <br />9. The smoking of tobacco in a hookah "is frightening because it is a <br />gateway toward a lifetime use of tobacco, including cigarettes," <br />according to Dr. Christopher Loffredo, Ph.D., Director of the Cancer <br />Genetics and Epidemiology program at Georgetown University <br />Medical Center, who has studied hookah smoking since 1997. Dr. <br />Loffredo further reports that: "People think the water absorbs the <br />toxins, and that is true to some extent if the toxins are water <br />soluble, but tar isn't, and tar contains the carcinogens. We believe <br />that, compared to the typical cigarette smoker, waterpipe smokers <br />are exposed to larger total amounts of nicotine, carbon monoxide <br />and certain other toxins. And because the tobacco is burning at a <br />lower temperature, it is more tolerable to inhale deeply, and in fact <br />Ordinance No. NS-2763 <br />Page 2 of 7 <br />