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The Honorable Judge Kim Dunning <br />August 16, 2010 <br />Page 2 <br />was informed by the Orange County Counsel that the Orange County Grand Jury does not have <br />any such formal or published rules or standards. <br />The standard for abstention is best articulated in the Model Guide. In reference to abstention by <br />grand jury members for conflict of interest, it states on page 8: <br />"Because of the grand jury's extraordinary fact-finding powers and the sensitivity <br />of many of its activities, grand jurors must be careful to avoid involvement in <br />areas where an actual or perceived conflict of interest might exist. Avoiding <br />conflicts and the appearance of conflicts is important for several reasons. It <br />protects the integrity of the investigation; it protects the investigation of the grand <br />jury as an institution; and it protects individual grand jurors from civil or criminal <br />penalties." <br />Additionally, the County of Mendocino 2009 Grand Jury Procedures Manual requires all grand <br />jurors to sign a Code of Ethical Conduct. Among the obligations assumed thereunder, each <br />grand juror agrees: <br />"I will disclose to the Foreperson and/or the entire Grand Jury, any potential <br />conflicts of interest I may have or that may exist, either at the beginning of the <br />term, or that may develop during the term of my service on the Grand Jury. When <br />I have a conflict of interest, either real or perceived, I will abstain from <br />investigations, discussions, voting and report writing on such matters. I will abide <br />by any decision of the executive committee in matters concerning whether or not <br />a conflict of interest exists." <br />One of common grounds for abstention by grand jurors is bias. The Model Guide refers to <br />conflict of interest for bias at pages 8 & 9: <br />"In addition to avoiding conflicts of interest, a grand juror must not have an <br />identifiable bias regarding any actions that the grand jury may take. Bias is the <br />prejudgment of essential facts that prevents a member of the grand jury from <br />considering an issue objectively, including publicly expressing support or <br />opposition on a specific matter. Having an educated opinion on an issue should <br />not be considered as having a bias. The same disclosure and recusal that applies to <br />a potential conflict of interest should apply to preexisting bias." <br />The Humboldt County guide also clearly sets standards for abstention and the nexus between <br />bias and abstention on Page 44 as follows: <br />"Members of the grand jury must avoid any appearance of personal bias or <br />possible conflict of interest. Impartiality is an essential part of constructive <br />investigation. Each grand juror should advise the foreperson of any potential <br />conflict of interest or bias. When a grand juror has cause to believe that a matter <br />19D-2