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<br />
<br /> Definitions
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<br /> Imprisonment offense The 9,691 indecent exposure and peeping tom), other nonforcible sexual act with a
<br /> prisoners were men released from bestiality and other unnatural acts, minor or with someone unable to give
<br /> State prisons in 1994 after serving adultery, incest between adults, and legal or factual consent. As used
<br /> some portion of the sentence they bigamy. Commercialized sexual throughout this report, "rape" always
<br /> received for committing a sex crime. offenses include prostitution, pimping, means "forcible rape." "Statutory rape"
<br /> The sex crime they committed is and pornography. As used throughout is not a type of forcible rape.
<br /> referred to throughout the report as this report, the terms "sex crimes" and
<br /> their "imprisonment offense." Their "sex offenders" refer exclusively to A total of 3,115 sex offenders are
<br /> imprisonment offense should not be violent sex offenses. identified in the report as released
<br /> confused with any new offense they rapists - about a third (32%) of the
<br /> may have committed after release. Each of the 9,691 sex offenders in this 9,691 released sex offenders.
<br /> report is classified as either a rapist or However, enough information to clearly
<br /> Sex offender The 9,691 released men a sexual assaulter. Classification was distinguish rapists from other sexual
<br /> were all violent sex offenders. They are based on information about the impris- assaulters was not always available in
<br /> called "violent" because the crimes onment offense contained in prison the prison records used to categorize
<br /> they were imprisoned for are widely records supplied for each sex offender sex offenders into different types.
<br /> defined in State statutes as "violent" released from prison in 1994. Also Consequently, the number of rapists
<br /> sex offenses. "Violent" means the based on imprisonment offense infor- among the 9,691 was almost certainly
<br /> offender used or threatened force in mation. an inmate could be categorized greater than 3,115; how much greater
<br /> the commission of the crime or, while as a child molester and/or a statutory is unknown.
<br /> not actually using force, the offender rapist. Classification to either of these
<br /> did not have the victim's "factual" or two categories is in addition to, not An obstacle to identifying rapists from
<br /> "legal" consent. Factual consent means separate from, classification as a rapist penal code information is that the label
<br /> that, for physical reasons, the victim did or sexual assaulter. For example, of "rape" is not used in about half the 50
<br /> not give consent, such as when the the 3,115 sex offenders classified as States. However, released sex offend-
<br /> offender had intercourse with a rapists, 338 were child molesters. Or, ers whose imprisonment offense was
<br /> sedated hospital patient or with a to put it another way, the imprisonment rape could still be identified. To illus-
<br /> woman who had fallen unconscious offense for 338 of the 4,295 child trate, in one State, the term criminal
<br /> from excessive drug taking. "Legal" molesters identified in this report was sexual conduct refers to all types of sex
<br /> consent means that the victim willingly rape. Similarly, 3,957 of the 4,295 child crimes. The statutory language was
<br /> participated but, in the eyes of the law, molesters were also sexual assaulters. consulted to determine if an offender's
<br /> the victim was not old enough or not sexual imprisonment offense involved "inter-
<br /> sufficiently mentally capable (perhaps Child Total Rapists assaulters course" that was "forcible," in accor-
<br /> due to mental illness or mental retarda- molesters 4.295 338 3,957 dance with the definition of rape used
<br /> tion to give his or her "legal" consent. Statutory
<br /> rapists 443 21 422 in this report. If the offense was not
<br /> found to involve intercourse (or
<br /> State statutes give many different The report gives statistics for all sex penetration), then the inmate was not
<br /> offenders and each of the four types - classified as a rapist. The same was
<br /> rape," "statutory rape," "object rape," rapists, sexual assaulters, child moles- true of force; if the statutory language
<br /> "sexual assault," "sexual abuse," "forci_ ters, and statutory rapists. (See did not include a reference to force (or
<br /> ble sodomy," "sexual misconduct," Methodology on page 37 for details on coercion), the offense was not catego-
<br /> "criminal sexual conduct," "lascivious how sex offenders were separated into rized as rape.
<br /> conduct," "carnal abuse," "sexual categories.)
<br /> contact," "unlawful sexual intercourse," Sexual assaulter By definition in the
<br /> "sexual battery," "unlawful sexual activ- Rapist "Violent sex crimes" are report, all sex offenders are either
<br /> ity," "lewd act with minor," "indecent separated into two categories: "rape" "rapists" or "sexual assaulters." Sex
<br /> liberties with a child," "carnal knowl- (short for "forcible rape") and "other offenders whose imprisonment offense
<br /> edge of a child," "incest with a minor," sexual assault." As used throughout could not be positively identified as
<br /> and "child molesting." this report the term "rapist" refers to a ..rape" were placed in the "sexual
<br /> released sex offender whose imprison- assault" category. To the extent that
<br /> "Violent" sex offenses are distinguished ment offense was defined by State law rapists were reliably distinguished from
<br /> from "nonviolent" sex offenses and as forcible intercourse (vaginal, anal, or sexual assaulters, "sexual assaulters"
<br /> oral) with a female or male. Rape identified in this re
<br /> from "commercialized sex offenses." port were released
<br /> Nonviolent sex offenses include morals includes "forcible sodomy" and sex offenders whose imprisonment
<br /> and decency offenses (for example, "penetration with a foreign object."
<br /> Rape excludes statutory rape or any
<br /> Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 3
<br /> 5OA-52
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