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Sentence length and time served All sex offenders - on average a rapist spent more time Depending on the length of their in confinement before being released sentence and the amount of time they All 9,691 sex offenders selected to be (5'/e years) than a sexual assaulter had served before being released, in this study had a prison sentence Oust under 3 years) some of the released sex offenders greater than 1 year. The shortest terms - median sentence length was longer would have been on parole (or some were a day over 1 year; the longest other type of conditional release) for rapists (half of the rapists had a were life sentences. The fact that sex sentence of 9 years or more, while half throughout the full 3 years they were offenders with a life sentence (18 of the sexual assaulters had a tracked in this study. For example, offenders in the study) were among the sentence of 5M. years or more) when released, 63.3% of rapists had 9,691 released in 1994 should not be more than 3 years left to serve on their surprising because only rarely do life - 39.2% of the 3,115 rapists were in sentence. In their case, any new sentences in the United States literally prison for over 5 years prior to release, crimes they committed during this mean imprisonment for the remainder while 12.5% of the 6,576 sexual 3-year followup period were offenses of a person's life. Most felons receiving assaulters served 61 months or more committed while still on parole. By a life sentence are eventually paroled - rapists served 49% of their sentence comparison, just over half of released (unpublished tabulation of data from before being released, compared to sexual assaulters had more than 3 the 1997 BJS Survey of Inmates in 43% for sexual assaulters. years left to serve. State Correctional Facilities). On average, a sex offender released _ from prison in 1994 had an 8-year term Table 3. Sentence length and time served for sex offenders released and served 31/2 years of that sentence from prison in 1994, by type of sex offender (45%) before being released (table 3). Half of the released sex offenders had Sexual a sentence length of 6 years or less. Characteristic All Rapists assaulters Half had served no more than a third of Sentence length (in months) their sentence before being released. Mean 97.3 mo 134.0 mo 82.5 mo When released, the majority (54.5%)- Median 72.0 108.0 66.0 had more than 3 years of their Time served (in months) sentence remaining to be served. Mean 42.3 mo 62.6 mo 34.1 mo Median 32.3 48.2 26.5 Rapists and sexual assaulters Percent of sentence served 44.9% 49.3% 43.1% Upon release in 1994, percent Rape always involves forcible inter- who had served - course, whereas sexual assault (as the 6 months or less 4.5% 3.1% 5.0% term is used here) never does, 7-12 9-5 3.0 12.1 13-18 16.5 10.5 19.0 although it can involve other types of 19-24 9.7 5.1 11.5 forcible sexual assault. Because forci- 25-30 8.1 6.1 8.9 ble intercourse is considered to be a 31-36 9.9 8.0 10.7 37-60 more serious offense than other forms 61 months 21.6 24.9 20.2 61 months or more 20.2 39.2 12.5 of forcible sexual assault, penalties for rape are generally more severe than upon release in 1994, percent with time still remaining ng to be served those for sexual assault. 6 months or less 2.8% 2-4% 2.9% 7-12 5.0 5.7 4.7 Consistent with the more serious 13-18 8.4 6.2 9.2 nature of rape - 19-24 12.8 9.3 14.2 n Pe 25-30 8.1 6.2 8.8 - on average a released rapist had a 31-36 8.5 6.9 9.1 37-60 25.1 22.8 26.0 longer sentence Oust over 1 1 years) 61 months or more 29.4 40.5 24.9 than a sexual assaulter Oust under 7 years) Total first releases 6,470 1,859 5,860 Note: The 6,470 sex offenders were released in 13 States. Figures are based on first releases only. First releases include only those offenders leaving prison for the first time since beginning their sentence. First releases exclude those who left prison in 1994 but who had previously been released under the same sentence and had returned to prison for violating the conditions of release. Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 9 5OA-58