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Prior criminal record All sex offenders All 9,691 were in prison in 1994 imprisonment offense was in 1982. In Arrests and convictions for minor traffic because they had been arrested and the early part of 1983, 4 months after offenses, public drunkenness, and convicted for a sex offense. For 71.5% his arrest, he was convicted of sexual other petty crimes are often not of the 9,691 men (6,929), that arrest assault and began serving a 25-year entered into official criminal records. was their first ever for a violent sex prison term. Eleven years later, in 1994 Since official records formed the basis crime. In other words, these 6,929 men at age 47, he was released. for this study's statistics on arrests and had no previous arrest for a sex 0 convictions, these statistics understate offense. For the remaining 28.5 /o For 75% of the 9,691 sex offenders, levels of contact with the justice (2.762 men), that arrest was not their their 1994 release represents their first system. Statistics shown throughout first sex offense arrest. Some had release since being sentenced for their this report on arrests and convictions been arrested once before for a sex sex offense. The remaining 25% had pertain mostly to arrests and convic- crime and some two or more times previously served time under the same before. sentence, had been released, had tions for felonies and serious violated one or more conditions of their misdemeanors. parole and, consequently, were To illustrate, one of the 9,691 sex offenders in this study had his first returned to prison to continue serving Statistics on prior arrests in this section arrest for a sex crime in 1966, when he time still remaining on their sentence. of the report do not include the impris- was age 19; he was also arrested for onment offense for which the sex sex crimes in the 1970's and 1980's, in offender was in prison in 1994. three different States. The arrest for his At the time the 9,691 male sex offend- ers were arrested for the sex crime that resulted in their imprisonment - Table 5. Prior criminal record of sex offenders released from prison in 1994, - 78.5% (7,607 of the 9,691 men) had by type of sex offender been arrested at least one earlier time Sexual (table 5) Prior to the sex crime for which imprisoned All Rapists assaulters half had 3 or more prior arrests Percent with at least 1 prior arrest for for some type of crime Any crime 78.5/ 83.1% 76.3% Any sex offense 28.5 28.7 28.4 - 58.4% (5,660 men) had at least one sex offense against a child 10.3 5.7 12.5 prior criminal conviction Prior arrests for any crime' Mean 4.5 5.0 4.2 13.9% (1,347 men) had a prior Median 3 3 2 conviction for a violent sex offense Percent with at least 1 prior conviction for - ° 4.6% 446 men) had been convicted Any crime 58.4% 62.9% 56.2% ( ) Any sex offense 13.9 14.6 13.5 for a sex crime against a child Sex offense against a child 4.6 3.4 5.2 - nearly a quarter had served time in a Prior convictions for any crime' State or Federal prison at least once Mean 1.8 2.0 1.7 before for some type of crime. Median 1 1 1 Percent with prior prison sentence for any crimes 23.7% 28% 216% Percent who were first releasesb 74.9% 66.9% 78.7°/ Total released 9,691 3,115 6,576 Note: The 9,691 sex offenders were released in 15 States. "'Prior" does not include the arrest, conviction, or prison sentence that was the reason the sex offenders were in prison in 1994. Persons with no prior arrest or prior convictions were coded zero and were included in the calculations of mean and median priors. Calculation of prior convictions excluded Ohio, and calculation of prior prison sentences excluded Ohio and Virginia. bData on first releases are based on releases from 13 States. First releases include only those offenders leaving prison for the first time since beginning their sentence. First releases exclude those who left prison in 1994 but who had previously been released under the same sentence and had returned to prison for violating the conditions of release. Recidivism of Sex Offenders Re/eased from Prison in 9994 11 5OA-60