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Four measures of recidivism This section measures recidivism four "Percent reconvicted" is based Within the first 3 years following their ways: on 14 of the 15 States participating release - - percent rearrested for any type of in the study • 43% (4,163 of the 9,691 ) were crime - "Percent returned to prison with a rearrested for at least 1 new crime - percent reconvicted for any type of new sentence" is based on 13 of (table 7) crime the 15 States - 24% (2,326 of the 9,691) were percent returned to prison with anew - "Percent returned to prison with or reconvicted for any type of crime prison sentence for any type of crime without a new sentence" is based 11.2% (1,085 of the 9,691) were on 9 of the 15. returned to prison with another - percent returned to prison with or Three of the four recidivism measures sentence without a new prison sentence. were calculated from data on fewer _ 38 6% of the 9 were rearrested" is calculated by than 15 States because the information .dividing "the number rearrested" by needed to returned t to o prison with or r without 9 " y perform the calculations was anew sentence. "the number released from prison in not available (or not readily available) 1994" from each of the 15 participating For approximately three-fourths of the States. Notes at the bottom of the 4,163 men who were rearrested for "Percent reconvicted" is obtained by tables alert readers to such missing some new crime, their most serious dividing "the number reconvicted" by data. rearrest offense was a felony; for the "the number released from prison in remaining fourth, the most serious was 1994." (it is not calculated by dividing Four measures a misdemeanor (not shown in table). "the number reconvicted" by "the number rearrested.") All sex offenders Of the 4,163 men rearrested for some new offense, nearly 9 in 10 (87%) were "Percent returned to prison with a new The 9,691 sex offenders in this study still on parole when taken into custody sentence" is calculated by dividing "the were all released from prison in 1994. (not shown in table). number returned to prison with a new sentence" by "the number released from prison in 1994." (it is not calcu- Table 7. Recidivism rate of sex offenders released from prison in 1994, lated by dividing "the number returned by recidivism measure and type of sex offender to prison with a new sentence" by "the number reconvicted.") Percent of released prisoners Recidivism Sexual measure All Rapists assaulters Except where stated otherwise, all four recidivism measures - within s years following release: Rearrested for any type of crime 43.0% 46.0% 415% - refer to the full 3-year period follow- Reconvicted for any type of crime- 24.0% 27.3% 22.4% ing the prisoner's release in 1994 Returned to prison with a new sentence for any type of crime° 11.2% 12.6% 10.5% • include both "in-State" and "out-of- Returned to prison with or State" recidivism. without a new sentence` 38.6% 43.6% 36.1% "in-State" recidivism refers to new Total released 9,691 3,115 6,576 offenses committed within the State Note: The 9,691 sex offenders were released in 15 States. that released the prisoner in 1994. -Because of missing data, prisoners released in Ohio were excluded "Out-of-State" recidivism is any new from the calculation of percent reconvicted. offenses in States other than the one °"New prison sentence" includes new sentences to State or Federal prisons that released him in 1994. but not to local jails. Because of missing data, prisoners released in Ohio and Virginia were excluded from the calculation of percent returned to prison with a new sentence. Not all 4 of the recidivism measures c"With or without a new sentence" includes prisoners with new sentences to State or are based on data from 15 States - Federal prisons plus prisoners returned for technical violations. Because of missing data, prisoners released in 6 States (Arizona, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and Virginia) "Percent rearrested" is based on 15 were excluded from the calculation of percent returned to prison with or without a new sentence. States New York State custody records did not always distinguish prison returns from jail returns. Consequently, some persons received in New York jails were probably mistakenly classified as prison returns. Also, California with a relatively high return-to-prison rate affects the overall rate of 38.6%. When California is excluded, the return-to-prison rate falls to 27.9%. Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 13 5OA-62