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from data on first releases (for
<br />example, percent of sentence served),
<br />Michigan was excluded from all tables
<br />based on first releases.
<br />Analysis of statutory rape laws
<br />The publication's analysis of statutory
<br />rape laws in the United States benefit -
<br />ted greatly from the report "Sexual
<br />Relationships Between Adult Males
<br />and Young Teen Girls: Exploring the
<br />Legal and Social Responses," by
<br />Sharon G. Elstein and Noy Davis,
<br />American Bar Association, Center on
<br />Children and the Law, October 1997.
<br />Sampling error
<br />In 1994 State prisons in 15 States
<br />released 302,309 prisoners altogether.
<br />A total of 38,624 were sampled for a
<br />recidivism study. Results of that study
<br />and information regarding sampling
<br />and other methodological details are
<br />available in the BJS publication Recidi-
<br />vism of Prisoners Released in 1994,
<br />NCJ 193427, June 2002.
<br />The 302,309 total released consisted
<br />of 10,546 released sex offenders plus
<br />291,763 released non -sex offenders.
<br />The 38,624 sample consisted of
<br />10,546 released sex offenders plus
<br />28,078 released non -sex offenders.
<br />The number of sex offenders in the
<br />sample was the same as the number in
<br />the 302,309 total because all sex
<br />offenders released in 1994 in the 15
<br />States were selected for the study, not
<br />a sample of them.
<br />Because no sampling was used to
<br />select sex offenders, numbers and
<br />percentages in this report for sex
<br />offenders were not subject to sampling
<br />error. However, comparisons in the
<br />report between sex offenders and
<br />non -sex offenders were subject to
<br />sampling error because sampling was
<br />used to select non -sex offenders.
<br />Where sex offenders were compared
<br />to all non -sex offenders released in
<br />1994, sampling error was taken into
<br />account. All differences discussed
<br />were statistically significant at the .05
<br />level.
<br />Not all 10,546 sex offenders in the
<br />sample were used in the report. To be
<br />in the report, the sex offender had to
<br />be male and meet all 4 of the following
<br />criteria:
<br />1. A RAP sheet on the prisoner was
<br />found in the State criminal history
<br />repository.
<br />2. The released prisoner was alive
<br />throughout the entire 3 -year followup
<br />period. (This requirement resulted in 21
<br />sex offenders' being excluded.)
<br />3. The prisoner's sentence was greater
<br />than 1 year (missing sentences were
<br />treated as greater than 1 year).
<br />4. The State department of corrections
<br />that released the prisoner in 1994 did
<br />not designate him as any of the follow-
<br />ing release types: release to
<br />custody /detainer /warrant, absent
<br />without leave, escape, transfer, admin-
<br />istrative release, or release on appeal.
<br />A total of 9,691 released male sex
<br />offenders met the selection criteria.
<br />The number of them released in each
<br />State is shown in the appendix table.
<br />Other methodological details
<br />To help the reader understand the
<br />percentages provided in the report,
<br />both the numerator and denominator
<br />were often given. In most cases, the
<br />reader could then reproduce the
<br />percentages. For example, the report
<br />indicates 38.6% (3,741) of the 9,691
<br />sex offenders were returned to prison.
<br />Appendix table. Number of sex
<br />offenders released from State prisons
<br />in 1994 and number selected for this
<br />report, by State
<br />Using the 3,741 and the 9,691, the
<br />reader could exactly reproduce the
<br />results. However, the reader should be
<br />aware that in a few places, the calcu-
<br />lated percentages will differ slightly
<br />from the percentages found in the
<br />report. This is due to rounding. For
<br />example, 43.0 %, or 4,163, of the 9,691
<br />sex offenders were rearrested;
<br />however, 4,163 / 9,691 is 42.96 %,
<br />which was rounded to 43.0 %.
<br />Offense definitions and other methodo-
<br />logical details are available in the BJS
<br />publication Recidivism of Prisoners
<br />Released in 1994, NCJ 193427, June
<br />2002.
<br />Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 39
<br />Sex offenders
<br />released from
<br />prison
<br />in 1994
<br />Selected
<br />to be in
<br />State
<br />Total
<br />this report
<br />Total
<br />10,546
<br />9,691
<br />Arizona
<br />156
<br />122
<br />California
<br />3,503
<br />3,395
<br />Delaware
<br />53
<br />45
<br />Florida
<br />1,053
<br />965
<br />Illinois
<br />775
<br />710
<br />Maryland
<br />277
<br />243
<br />Michigan
<br />477
<br />444
<br />Minnesota
<br />249
<br />239
<br />New Jersey
<br />449
<br />429
<br />New York
<br />799
<br />692
<br />North Carolina
<br />508
<br />441
<br />Ohio
<br />824
<br />606
<br />Oregon
<br />452
<br />408
<br />Texas
<br />708
<br />692
<br />Virginia
<br />263
<br />260
<br />Note: "Total released"
<br />includes both male and
<br />female sex offenders; "Total selected to be in
<br />this report" includes
<br />only male sex offenders.
<br />Using the 3,741 and the 9,691, the
<br />reader could exactly reproduce the
<br />results. However, the reader should be
<br />aware that in a few places, the calcu-
<br />lated percentages will differ slightly
<br />from the percentages found in the
<br />report. This is due to rounding. For
<br />example, 43.0 %, or 4,163, of the 9,691
<br />sex offenders were rearrested;
<br />however, 4,163 / 9,691 is 42.96 %,
<br />which was rounded to 43.0 %.
<br />Offense definitions and other methodo-
<br />logical details are available in the BJS
<br />publication Recidivism of Prisoners
<br />Released in 1994, NCJ 193427, June
<br />2002.
<br />Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 39
<br />
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