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Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment / Cultural Landscape Gui... Page 1 of 2
<br />INTRODUCTION PRESERVING REHABILITATING RESTORING RECONSTRUCTING
<br />Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes
<br />Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment
<br />Change and Continuity.
<br />There is a balance between change and continuity in all cultural resources. Change is Inherent in
<br />cultural landscapes; it results from both natural processes and human activities. Sometimes that
<br />change is subtle, barely perceptible as with the geomorphological effects on landform. At other times,
<br />It is strikingly obvious, as with vegetation, either in the cyclical changes of growth and reproduction or
<br />the progressive changes of plant competition and succession. This dynamic quality of all cultural
<br />landscapes Is balanced by the continuity of distinctive characteristics retained over time. For, in spite
<br />of a landscape's constant change (or perhaps because of it), a property can still exhibit continuity of
<br />form, order, use, features, or materials. Preservation and rehabilitation treatments seek to secure and
<br />emphasize continuity while acknowledging change.
<br />Relative Significance in History.
<br />A cultural landscape may be a significant resource as a rare survivor or the work of an important
<br />landscape architect, horticulturist or designer. it may be the site of an important event or activity, reflect
<br />cultural traditions, or other patterns of settlement or land use. This significance may be derived from
<br />local, regional, or national importance, Cultural landscapes may be listed in the National Register of
<br />Historic Places individually or as contributing features in a historic district. in some instances, cultural
<br />landscapes may be designated National Historic Landmarks by the Secretary of the Interior for their
<br />exceptional significance in American history.
<br />Geographical Context.
<br />I he surroundings of a cultural landscape, whether an urban neighborhood or rural fanning area [see
<br />center top left and right], may contribute to its significance and its historic character and should be
<br />considered prior to treatment. The setting may contain component landscapes or features which fall
<br />Il /Asr,xnx, m,c 5*4452uidelines/factors.htm 5euidelines /faetors.htm 2/28/201 4
<br />overview
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<br />Preservation Planning
<br />Factors to Consider
<br />I
<br />Special Requirements
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<br />Using the Standards +Guidelines
<br />Organization of the Guidelines
<br />1.
<br />s
<br />Terminology
<br />Bibliography
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<br />Acknowledgments
<br />The Standards are neither technical nor prescriptive, but are intended to promote responsible
<br />preservation practices that help protect our Nation's irreplaceable cultural resources. They cannot be
<br />used to make essential decisions about which contributing features of a cultural landscape should be
<br />Before a treatment was selected forme
<br />retained and which can be changed. But once a specific treatment is selected, the Standards can
<br />Piper Farm at Antietam Battlefield, it
<br />provide the necessary philosophical framework for a consistent and holistic approach for a cultural
<br />was important to understand that the
<br />landscape project.
<br />farm complex had a high level of
<br />A treatment is a physical intervention carried out to achieve a historic preservation goal —it cannot be
<br />integrity for its turn -of- the - century
<br />development. In fact. if the landscape
<br />considered in a vacuum. There are many practical and philosophical variables that influence the
<br />was restored" to the period or the
<br />selection of a treatment for a landscape. These include, but are not limited to, the extent of historic
<br />battlee, fl would have resulted in the
<br />documentation, existing physical conditions, historic value, proposed use, long and short term
<br />removal of this form complex and
<br />objectives, operational and code requirements (e.g. accessibility, fire, security) and anticipated capital
<br />improvement, staffing and maintenance costs. The impact of the treatment on any significant
<br />subsequent loss of significant history ,
<br />archeological and natural resources should also be considered in this decision making process.
<br />MPS.1994)
<br />Therefore, it is necessary to consider a broad array of dynamic and interrelated variables in selecting a
<br />treatment for a cultural landscape preservation project.
<br />For some cultural landscapes, especially those that are best considered ethnographic or heritage
<br />landscapes, these Guidelines may not apply. However, if people working with these properties decide
<br />that community coherence may be affected by physical place and space --or if there is potential for
<br />loss of landscape character whose significance is rooted In the community's sewities and processes
<br />(or other aspects of its history) —this guide may be of service.
<br />Change and Continuity.
<br />There is a balance between change and continuity in all cultural resources. Change is Inherent in
<br />cultural landscapes; it results from both natural processes and human activities. Sometimes that
<br />change is subtle, barely perceptible as with the geomorphological effects on landform. At other times,
<br />It is strikingly obvious, as with vegetation, either in the cyclical changes of growth and reproduction or
<br />the progressive changes of plant competition and succession. This dynamic quality of all cultural
<br />landscapes Is balanced by the continuity of distinctive characteristics retained over time. For, in spite
<br />of a landscape's constant change (or perhaps because of it), a property can still exhibit continuity of
<br />form, order, use, features, or materials. Preservation and rehabilitation treatments seek to secure and
<br />emphasize continuity while acknowledging change.
<br />Relative Significance in History.
<br />A cultural landscape may be a significant resource as a rare survivor or the work of an important
<br />landscape architect, horticulturist or designer. it may be the site of an important event or activity, reflect
<br />cultural traditions, or other patterns of settlement or land use. This significance may be derived from
<br />local, regional, or national importance, Cultural landscapes may be listed in the National Register of
<br />Historic Places individually or as contributing features in a historic district. in some instances, cultural
<br />landscapes may be designated National Historic Landmarks by the Secretary of the Interior for their
<br />exceptional significance in American history.
<br />Geographical Context.
<br />I he surroundings of a cultural landscape, whether an urban neighborhood or rural fanning area [see
<br />center top left and right], may contribute to its significance and its historic character and should be
<br />considered prior to treatment. The setting may contain component landscapes or features which fall
<br />Il /Asr,xnx, m,c 5*4452uidelines/factors.htm 5euidelines /faetors.htm 2/28/201 4
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