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(3) Pruning Specifications for individual Hardwood Species <br />General Trimming and Shaping of Conifers <br />Two basic classes of conifers can be found in Santa Ana, those with <br />branches radiating out from the trunk such as Pine trees or Cedar trees <br />and those that sprout branches in a random manner such as Juniper or <br />Taxus. Conifers shall typically be pruned in late winter or early spring. <br />Typically, up to 25% of the live foliage may be removed unless directed <br />otherwise by the City Arborist. <br />a. Contractor shall avoid damaging the central leader on all <br />conifers. In specific cases the City Arborist may direct the <br />contractor to remove the central leader in an effort to limit the <br />height of specific trees. <br />b. At the time of pruning, the City Arborist shall determine which <br />trees shall have the new growth pinched back in an effort to <br />control canopy size. <br />C. To control the growth of large, mature conifers contractor shall <br />be required to prune the new growth of lateral limbs. <br />d. Typical pruning of conifers shall consist of removing crossed <br />limbs, deadwood or unwanted branches from the interior of the <br />canopy. <br />General Trimming and Shaping of Broadleaf Trees: <br />Follow the shape indicated by the natural growth habits of each tree <br />species. Trimming and shaping of trees shall be as directed by the City <br />Arborist and in accordance with the following: <br />a. Cut to laterals to preserve the natural form of the tree, leaving <br />the head open enough for the branching system to show and <br />permitting the dead material to be easily cleaned out and light to <br />show through the head. Tree foliage shall be reduced by at least <br />fifteen percent (15 %) and up to twenty -five percent (25 %). <br />b. In specific cases the City Arborist may direct the contractor to <br />reduce the size of the tree crown in an effort to limit the height of <br />specific trees. <br />C. Trim to remove dead wood or weak, diseased, insect - infested, <br />broken, low, or crossing limbs. Branches with an extremely <br />narrow angle of attachment should normally be removed. <br />d. Small limbs, including suckers and waterspouts, shall be cut <br />close to the trunk or branch from which they arise. <br />e. Heading cuts and /or topping will not be allowed under any <br />circumstances. Heading, rounding over, or stubbing shall not be <br />an accepted practice for reducing the size or the framework of <br />any tree. <br />City of Santa Ana Street Tree Maintenance RFP <br />19E-31 Page 28 <br />