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Item # 26
City of Santa Ana
20 Civic Center Plaza, Santa Ana, CA 92701
Staff Report
January 17, 2023
TOPIC: Updated Hazard Mitigation Plan
AGENDA TITLE:
City of Santa Ana Updated Hazard Mitigation Plan
RECOMMENDED ACTION
Adopt a resolution approving the updated 2022 Hazard Mitigation Plan and direct staff
to submit the resolution to the Federal Emergency Agency Management Agency
(FEMA) for final approval of the Plan.
DISCUSSION
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires communities to develop, implement and
update hazard mitigation plans recognizing potential natural hazards and to identify and
consider mitigation measures to reduce the risks associated with those hazards. The
Plan is a tool to aid facility and infrastructure planning and improvements and is
required to qualify for federal hazard mitigation grants. FEMA approved the City’s prior
Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2005.
A Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) identifies the primary natural hazards that may
impact the City, such as earthquakes, flood, or drought. Next, it estimates the losses
that could be expected to occur, such as injuries, deaths, property damage, or
economic loss. Finally, the Plan identifies and prioritizes projects that can be performed
beforehand to reduce the expected losses, including seismic retrofitting of buildings,
improvements to flood control infrastructure, strengthening other critical infrastructure,
or improvements to building codes or other regulatory protections. Once an HMP is
reviewed and approved by the State of California and FEMA and formally adopted by
the City, the City will become eligible to apply for hazard mitigation funding to complete
the mitigation projects identified in the Plan.
On May 5, 2020, the City received Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) funding
(per City Council resolution) to hire a contractor to assist the City in researching,
drafting, and submitting a Plan. The HMP planning process began in November 2020
with assistance from Emergency Planning Consultants (EPC) and the City’s Hazard
City of Santa Ana Updated Hazard Mitigation Plan
January 17, 2023
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Mitigation Planning Team, made up of representatives from the City Manager’s Office,
Finance and Management Services, Planning and Building, Police and Public Works
Departments as well as Orange County Fire Authority and Santa Ana Unified School
District. Six Planning Team meetings were held before issuing the First Draft of the
HMP. Through the planning process, the Planning Team developed a Mitigation Actions
Matrix that identifies desired and planned projects, including those from existing City
plans, including the General Plan and Capital Improvement Program, and reflects the
following goals: (1) protect life and property, (2) enhance public awareness, (3) preserve
natural systems, (4) encourage partnerships and implementation, and (5) strengthen
emergency services.
The Planning Team invited the public to participate in the planning process by making
the Second Draft Plan available during the plan-writing phase. External agencies were
provided an invitation to comment on the Second Draft Plan. Emails were distributed to
external agencies and staff on September 1, 2021, containing a link to the Second Draft
Plan’s web posting. Emails were distributed to Nixle subscribers and posted on social
media on September 9, 2021, including a link to the Second Draft Plan’s web posting.
Adoption of the HMP will allow the City to seek mitigation grant funding when funding
opportunities become available. In addition, the HMP will be a living document to be
reviewed by Planning Team members annually to ensure the Mitigation Actions Matrix
is implemented.
FEMA issued a letter of Approval Pending Adoption of the updated Plan on September
23, 2022, stating that the local jurisdiction’s governing body must adopt the updated
Plan prior to FEMA issuing a Final Letter of Approval. Therefore, staff is seeking a
resolution adopting the updated Hazard Mitigation Plan.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) and CEQA Guidelines,
adoption of this Resolution is exempt from CEQA review pursuant to section
15061(b)(3), in that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing
a significant effect on the environment, and staff found that there is no possible
significant effect directly related to the Plan. Further, CEQA Guidelines Sections 15262
and 15269 provide additional guidance that the Project is a planning study that does not
tacitly approve projects that would otherwise require independent environmental review
under CEQA.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this action.
EXHIBIT(S)
1. Resolution
2. Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Santa Ana Updated Hazard Mitigation Plan
January 17, 2023
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Submitted By: David Valentin, Police Chief
Approved By: Kristine Ridge, City Manager
TB 1.3.2023
RESOLUTION NO. 2023-xxx
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF SANTA ANA ADOPTING THE 2022 HAZARD MITIGATION
PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Ana is vulnerable to natural hazards which may result
in loss of life and property, economic hardship, and threats to public health and safety;
and
WHEREAS, Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (“DMA 2000”)
requires state and local governments to develop and submit for approval a mitigation plan
that outlines processes for identifying their respective natural hazards, risks, and
vulnerabilities; and
WHEREAS, the City of Santa Ana acknowledges the requirements of Section 322
of DMA 2000 to update the 2005 Hazard Mitigation Plan in order to be eligible for pre -
and post-disaster federal hazard mitigation grant funds; and
WHEREAS, the Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed by a Planning Team with
representatives from the City, pertinent municipalities and other stakeholders; and
WHEREAS, a public involvement process consistent with the requirements of DMA
2000 was conducted to develop the Hazard Mitigation Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Team developed a Mitigation Action s Matrix, which
identifies desired and planned projects, including from existing City plans, the General
Plan and Capital Improvement Program reflective of the following goals: (1) protect life
and property, (2) enhance public awareness, (3) preserve natural systems, (4) encourage
partnerships and implementation, and (5) strengthen emergency services ; and
WHEREAS, the Hazard Mitigation Plan is to be reviewed by Planning Team
members on an annual basis to ensure the Mitigation Actions Matrix is implemented; and
WHEREAS, the 2022 Hazard Mitigation Plan recommends mitigation activities that
will reduce losses to life and property affected by both natural and human -caused hazards
that face the City; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), City
Staff determined that the adoption of the 2022 Hazard Mitigation Plan (”Project”) is
covered by the general rule, pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the State CEQA
Guidelines (14 CCR§ 15061(b)(3)), that CEQA applies only to projects which have the
potential for causing a significant effect on the environment, and City Staff found that there
is no possible significant effect directly related to the Project. Furthermore, CEQA
Guidelines Sections 15262 and 15269 provide additional guidance, in the context, that
the Project is a planning study that does not tacitly approve projects that would otherwise
EXHIBIT 1
Resolution 2023-xxx
Page 2 of 3
require independent environmental review under CEQA; and
WHEREAS, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) has issued a
letter to the City of Approval Pending Adoption on September 23, 2022, and the updated
HMP must be adopted by the local jurisdiction’s governing body prior to FEMA issuing a
Final Letter of Approval.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF S AN T A
A N A , RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The City Council finds that all of the facts set forth in the Recitals of
this Resolution are true and correct.
Section 2. The City Council has reviewed the Project and, based upon the
whole record before it, in the exercise of its independent judgment and analysis, concurs
that the adoption of the City of Santa Ana 2022 Hazard Mitigation Plan is exempt from
consideration under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA
Guidelines Section 15061 (b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty that there is no
possibility that the adoption of this Plan, in and of itself, may have a significant effect on
the environment; and future projects described within the Plan may be subject to
independent environmental review pursuant to CEQA, and therefore no further action is
required under CEQA at this time.
Section 3. If section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or word of this
Resolution is for any reason held to be invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such
decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Resolution. The City
Council hereby declares that it would have passed and adopted this Resolution, and each
and all provisions hereof, irrespective of the fact that one or more provisions may be
declared invalid.
Section 4. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption by the
City Council, and the Clerk of the Council shall attest to and certify the vote adopting this
Resolution.
ADOPTED this day of January 2023.
Valerie Amezcua
Mayor
Resolution 2023-xxx
Page 3 of 3
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Sonia R. Carvalho, City Attorney
By:
Tamara Bogosian
Sr. Assistant City Attorney
AYES: Councilmembers_______________________________________
NOES: Councilmembers_______________________________________
ABSTAIN: Councilmembers_______________________________________
NOT PRESENT: Councilmembers_______________________________________
CERTIFICATE OF ATTESTATION AND ORIGINALITY
I, Clerk of the Council, do hereby attest to and certify the attached Resolution No. 2023-
XXX to be the original resolution adopted by the City Council of the City of Santa Ana
on .
Date:
Clerk of the Council
City of Santa Ana
October 11, 2022 | Hazard Mitigation Plan
Exhibit 2
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Credits
- 2 -
Credits
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1c.
Q: Does the plan identify who represented each jurisdiction? (At a minimum, it must identify the
jurisdiction represented and the person’s position or title and agency within the jurisdiction.)
(Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Hazard Mitigation Planning Team below.
Hazard Mitigation Planning Team:
Name Department/Division Position Title
City of Santa Ana
Daisy Perez City Manager’s Office Senior Management Assistant
Waldo Barela Finance Budget Supervisor
Jason Kwak Planning & Building Building Safety Manager
Anson So Planning & Building Senior Plan Check Engineer
Ricardo Soto Planning & Building Associate Planner
Richard (Joe) Weber Police Department Homeland Security Division Commander
Steve Rhyner, Chair Police Department Emergency Operations Coordinator
Tyrone Chesanek Public Works Deputy Public Works Director- Construction
Phil Neff Public Works Facilities Maintenance Manager
Ruben Castaneda Public Works Associate Engineer
Bryan Lopez Public Works Public Works Safety Coordinator
Craig Foster Public Works NPDES Manager
City of Anaheim
Sagar Patel Anaheim Fire & Rescue Emergency Manager
Jannine Wilmoth Anaheim Fire & Rescue Assistant Emergency Manager
Santa Ana Unified School District
Camille Boden Risk Management Director
Kevin Phillips SAUSD Police Sergeant/EOC Coordinator
Orange County Fire Authority
Steve Horner Orange County Fire Authority Administrative Captain
Emergency Planning Consultants
Carolyn Harshman Emergency Planning Consultants President
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Credits
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1b.
Q: Does the plan list the jurisdiction(s) participating in the plan that are seeking approval? (Requirement
§201.6(c)(1))
A: See Acknowledgements below.
Acknowledgements
City of Santa Ana
✓ Vicente Sarmiento, Mayor
✓ Thai Viet Phan, Ward 1
✓ David Penaloza, Ward 2
✓ Jessie Lopez, Ward 3
✓ Phil Bacerra, Ward 4
✓ Johnathan Ryan Hernandez, Ward 5
✓ Nelida Mendoza, Ward 6
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1c.
Q: Does the plan identify who represented each jurisdiction? (At a minimum, it must identify the
jurisdiction represented and the person’s position or title and agency within the jurisdiction.)
(Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Point of Contact below.
Point of Contact
To request information or provide comments regarding this mitigation plan, please contact:
Consulting Services
Emergency Planning Consultants
✓ Principal Planner: Carolyn J. Harshman, MPA, CEM
✓ Planning Assistant: Megan R. Fritzler, BA
3665 Ethan Allen Avenue
San Diego, California 92117
Phone: 858-483-4626
epc@pacbell.net
www.carolynharshman.com
Name & Position Title Steve Rhyner, Emergency Operations Coordinator, City of Santa Ana,
Santa Ana Police Department, Homeland Security Division
Email srhyner@santa-ana.org
Mailing Address 60 Civic Center Plaza, PO Box 1981, M-18, Santa Ana, CA 92702
Telephone Number 714-647-5315
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Credits
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Mapping
The maps in this plan were provided by the City of Santa Ana, Orange County, Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), or were acquired from public Internet sources. Care
was taken in the creation of the maps contained in this plan, however they are provided "as is".
The City of Santa Ana cannot accept any responsibility for any errors, omissions, or positional
accuracy, and therefore, there are no warranties that accompany these products (the maps).
Although information from land surveys may have been used in the creation of these products, in
no way does this product represent or constitute a land survey. Users are cautioned to field verify
information on this product before making any decisions.
Mandated Content
In an effort to assist the readers and reviewers of this document, the jurisdiction has inserted
“markers” emphasizing mandated content as identified in the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
(Public Law – 390). Following is a sample marker:
*EXAMPLE*
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A:
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
CREDITS ............................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... 5
PART I: PLANNING PROCESS .................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6
PLANNING PROCESS .......................................................................................................... 9
PART II: RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................... 26
CITY PROFILE .....................................................................................................................26
RISK ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................................35
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS ..................................................................................................48
FLOOD HAZARDS ...............................................................................................................71
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS ...........................................................................................83
EPIDEMIC/PANDEMIC/VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE HAZARDS .....................................92
PART III: MITIGATION STRATEGIES ................................................................... 101
MITIGATION STRATEGIES ............................................................................................. 101
Mitigation Actions Matrix ........................................................................................ 108
PLAN MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... 124
ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................................... 131
FEMA Letter of Approval ......................................................................................... 131
City Council Resolution ........................................................................................... 132
Secondary Stakeholders Involvement ...................................................................16
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 1 – January 13, 2021 ........................ 142
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 2 – January 27, 2021 ........................ 144
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 3 – February 10, 2021 ...................... 145
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 4 – February 24, 2021 ...................... 146
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 5 – April 24, 2021 .............................. 147
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Introduction
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Part I: PLANNING PROCESS
Introduction
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1b.
Q: Does the plan list the jurisdiction(s) participating in the plan that are seeking approval? (Requirement
§201.6(c)(1))
A: See Introduction below.
The Hazard Mitigation Plan (Mitigation Plan) was prepared in response to the Disaster Mitigation
Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). DMA 2000 (also known as Public Law 106-390) requires state and local
governments to prepare mitigation plans to document their mitigation planning process, and
identify hazards, potential losses, mitigation needs, goals, and strategies. This type of planning
supplements City of Santa Ana emergency management planning programs. The City’s first
hazard mitigation plan was approved by FEMA on May 10, 2005.
Although the City may face a wide range of potential hazards, FEMA’s hazard mitigation planning
requirements focus on natural hazard events. Other hazards are analyzed and discussed in the
City’s Emergency Operations Plan.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A4
Q: Does the plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical
information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3))
A: See Planning Approach below.
Planning Approach
The four-step planning approach outlined in the FEMA publication, Developing the Mitigation
Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementing Strategies (FEMA 386-3) was used to
develop this plan:
✓ Develop mitigation goals and objectives - The risk assessment (hazard characteristics,
inventory, and findings), along with municipal policy documents, were utilized to
develop mitigation goals and objectives.
✓ Identify and prioritize mitigation actions - Based on the risk assessment, goals and
objectives, existing literature/resources, and input from participating entities, mitigation
activities were identified for each hazard.
✓ Prepare implementation strategy - Generally, high priority activities are recommended
for implementation first. However, based on organizational needs and goals, project
costs, and available funding, some medium or low priority activities may be
implemented before some high priority items.
✓ Document mitigation planning process - The mitigation planning process is
documented throughout this plan.
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Introduction
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Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C2
Q: Does the plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP
requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See NFIP Participation below.
National Flood Insurance Program
Established in 1968, the NFIP provides federally backed flood insurance to homeowners, renters,
and businesses in communities that adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances to
reduce future flood damage.
Established in 1968, the NFIP provides federally backed flood insurance to homeowners, renters,
and businesses in communities that adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances to
reduce future flood damage. The City of Santa Ana adopted a floodplain management ordinance
and has Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) that show floodways, 100-year flood zones, and 500-
year flood zones. The Executive Director of Planning & Building and the Executive Director of
Public Works are designated as the floodplain administrator.
NFIP Participation
The City of Santa Ana participates in NFIP and the FEMA FIRM maps for the City were last
updated December 3, 2009. These studies and maps represent flood risk at the point in time
when FEMA completed the studies and does not incorporate planning for floodplain changes in
the future due to new development. Although FEMA is considering changing that policy, it is
optional for local communities. According to FEMA, the City is located within flood Zones X, A,
AE, AH, and AO.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B4
Q: Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively
damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Repetitive Loss Properties below.
Repetitive Loss Properties
Repetitive Loss Properties (RLPs) are most susceptible to flood damages; therefore, they have
been the focus of flood hazard mitigation programs. Unlike a Countywide program, the Floodplain
Management Plan (FMP) for repetitive loss properties involves highly diversified property profiles,
drainage issues, and property owner’s interest. It also requires public involvement processes
unique to each RLP area. The objective of an FMP is to provide specific potential mitigation
measures and activities to best address the problems and needs of communities with repetitive
loss properties. A repetitive loss property is one for which two or more claims of $1,000 or more
have been paid by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) within any given ten-year period.
According to FEMA resources, none of the City owned facilities are designated as a Repetitive
Loss Property (RLPs).
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Introduction
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Map: Flood Hazard Severity Zone Map Determined by FEMA
(Source: Santa Ana General Plan, 2020)
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Planning Process
- 9 -
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1b.
Q: Does the plan list the jurisdiction(s) participating in the plan that are seeking approval? (Requirement
§201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Process below.
Planning Process
Throughout the project, the Planning Team served as the primary stakeholders while also making
a concerted effort to gather information from the general public, external agencies (utility providers
and special districts). In addition, the Planning Team solicited information from agencies and
people with specific knowledge of hazards and past historical events, as well as building codes
and facilities maintenance planning. The hazard mitigation strategies contained in this plan were
developed through an extensive planning process involving City staff, general public, and external
agencies.
Following review and input by the Planning Team to the First Draft Plan, next (still during the Plan
Writing Phase), the Second Draft Plan was shared with the general public and external agencies
(adjoining jurisdictions, utility providers, special districts, etc.). The general public and external
agencies served as the secondary stakeholders. Next, the comments gathered from the
secondary stakeholders were incorporated into a Third Draft Plan which was submitted to Cal
OES and FEMA along with a request for a determination of “Approval Pending Adoption”.
Next, the Planning Team completed amendments to the Plan to reflect mandated input by Cal
OES and FEMA. The Final Draft Plan was then posted in advance of the City Council public
meeting. Any comments gathered were included in the staff report to the City Council. Following
adoption by the City Council, proof of adoption was forwarded to FEMA with a request for
approval. The FEMA Letter of Approval was included in the Final Plan. The planning process
described above is portrayed below in a progression:
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Plan Methodology and Planning Phases Progression below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A3a.
Q: Does the plan document how the public was given the opportunity to be involved in the planning
process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
A: See Planning Phases Progression below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6a.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored (how will implementation
be tracked) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Planning Phases Progression below.
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Planning Process
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Figure: Planning Phases Progression
PLANNING PHASES PROGRESSION
Plan Writing Phase
(First & Second Draft
Plan)
Plan Review Phase
(Third Draft Plan)
Plan Adoption Phase
(Final Draft Plan)
Plan Approval Phase
(Final Plan)
Plan Implementation
Phase
• Planning Team
input – research,
meetings, writing,
review of First Draft
Plan
• Incorporate input
from the Planning
Team into Second
Draft Plan
• Invite public and
external agencies
via email and web
posting to review,
comment, and
contribute to the
Second Draft Plan
• Incorporate input
into the Third Draft
Plan
• Third Draft Plan
sent to Cal OES
and FEMA for
approval pending
adoption
• Address any
mandated
revisions
identified by Cal
OES and FEMA
into Final Draft
Plan
• Post public notice
of City Council
meeting along
with the Final
Draft Plan
• Final Draft Plan
distributed to City
Council in
advance of
meeting
• Present Final
Draft Plan to the
City Council for
adoption
• City Council
adopts Plan
• Submit Proof of
Adoption to
FEMA with
request for final
approval
• Receive FEMA
Letter of
Approval
• Incorporate
FEMA approval
and City Council
resolution into
the Final Plan
• Conduct annual
Planning Team
meetings
• Integrate
mitigation action
items into budget
and other funding
and strategic
documents
Q&A | ELEMENT E: PLAN ADOPTION | E1
Q: Does the plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body
of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5))
A: See Plan Adoption Process below.
Plan Adoption Process
Adoption of the plan by the local governing body demonstrates City’s commitment to meeting
mitigation goals and objectives. Governing body approval legitimizes the plan and authorizes
responsible agencies to execute their responsibilities.
The Third Draft Plan was submitted to Cal OES and FEMA for review and approval. FEMA issued
an Approval Pending Adoption on September 23, 2022 requiring the adoption of the Plan by the
City Council. The adoption resolution was submitted to FEMA along with a request for a FEMA
Letter of Approval.
In preparation for the public meeting with the City Council, the Planning Team prepared a Staff
Report including an overview of the Planning Process, Risk Assessment, Mitigation Goals, and
Mitigation Actions. The staff presentation concluded with a summary of the input received during
the public review of the document. The meeting participants were encouraged to present their
views and make suggestions on possible mitigation actions.
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Planning Process
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The City Council heard the item on _______. The Council voted to _________ the Hazard
Mitigation Plan. The Resolution of adoption is located in the Attachments: City Council
Resolution.
Plan Approval
FEMA approved the Plan on _______. A copy of the FEMA Letter of Approval is in the
Attachments: FEMA Letter of Approval.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Plan Methodology below.
Plan Methodology
The Planning Team discussed knowledge of hazards and past historical events, as well as
building codes and facilities maintenance plans.
The rest of this section describes the mitigation planning process including 1) Planning Team
involvement, 2) general public and external agency involvement; and 3) integration of existing
data and plans.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Involvement below.
Planning Team Involvement
The Planning Team consisted of representatives from City departments, Santa Ana Unified
School District, City of Anaheim, and Orange County Fire Authority. The Planning Team served
as the primary stakeholders throughout the planning process. The general public and external
agencies served as secondary stakeholders in the planning process. The Planning Team was
responsible for the following tasks:
✓ Updating planning goals
✓ Preparing timeline for plan development
✓ Ensuring plan meets DMA 2000 requirements
✓ Organizing and soliciting involvement of the public and external agencies
✓ Gathering hazard information
✓ Reviewing HAZUS loss projection estimates
✓ Developing mitigation action Items
✓ Participating in Planning Team meetings and a City Council public meeting
✓ Providing existing resources including maps and data
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Planning Process
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Level of Participation below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1b.
Q: Does the plan list the jurisdiction(s) participating in the plan that are seeking approval? (Requirement
§201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Level of Participation below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1c.
Q: Does the plan identify who represented each jurisdiction? (At a minimum, it must identify the
jurisdiction represented and the person’s position or title and agency within the jurisdiction.)
(Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Level of Participation below.
The Planning Team, with assistance from Emergency Planning Consultants, identified and
profiled hazards; determined hazard rankings; estimated potential exposure or losses; evaluated
development trends and specific risks; and developed mitigation goals and action items.
Table: Planning Team Level of Participation
Name Risk Assessment, Plan Research, Writing Planning Team Meeting 1: January 13, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 2: January 27, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 3: February 10, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 4: February 24, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 5: March 31, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 6: April 14, 2021 Community Input - Distribute Second Draft Plan to General Public and External Agencies Incorporate input from Public, and External Agencies into the Third Draft Plan Submit Third Draft Plan to Cal OES/FEMA for Approval Pending Adoption Receive FEMA Approval Pending Adoption Post Final Draft Plan in Advance of City Council Meeting Present Final Draft Plan to City Council at Public Meeting for Plan Adoption Submit Proof of Adoption to FEMA for Final Approval Receive FEMA Final Approval and Incorporate FEMA Approval into Final Plan City of Santa Ana
Daisy Perez X X
Waldo Barela X X X X X X
Steve Horner X X
Jason Kwak X X X X X X
Anson So X X X X
Ricardo Soto X X X X X X
Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2022
Planning Process
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Name Risk Assessment, Plan Research, Writing Planning Team Meeting 1: January 13, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 2: January 27, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 3: February 10, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 4: February 24, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 5: March 31, 2021 Planning Team Meeting 6: April 14, 2021 Community Input - Distribute Second Draft Plan to General Public and External Agencies Incorporate input from Public, and External Agencies into the Third Draft Plan Submit Third Draft Plan to Cal OES/FEMA for Approval Pending Adoption Receive FEMA Approval Pending Adoption Post Final Draft Plan in Advance of City Council Meeting Present Final Draft Plan to City Council at Public Meeting for Plan Adoption Submit Proof of Adoption to FEMA for Final Approval Receive FEMA Final Approval and Incorporate FEMA Approval into Final Plan Richard (Joe) Weber X X
Steve Rhyner, Chair X X X X X X X X X X X
Tyrone Chesanek X X X X
Phil Neff X X X X X X
Ruben Castaneda X X X X X X
Bryan Lopez X X X X X X
Craig Foster X
Santa Ana Unified
School District
Camille Boden X
Kevin Phillips X
City of Anaheim
Sagar Patel X
Jannine Wilmoth X
EPC
Carolyn Harshman X X X X X X X X X X X
Megan Fritzler X X X X
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Timeline below.
Table: Planning Team Timeline
Task November 2020 December January 2021 February March April May June July August September October November December January 2022 February-August September October Conduct Risk Assessment X X
Prepare HAZUS X X
Plan Writing - First, Second,
Third, and Final Drafts, Final
Plan
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Planning Team Meeting #1 HMP
Overview and Initial Hazard
Briefing
X
Planning Team Meeting #2 Best
Practices and Plan Integration X
Planning Team Meeting #3
HAZUS and Mitigation Action
Items
X
Planning Team Meeting #4
Mitigation Action Items X
Planning Team Meeting #5
Review First Draft Plan X
Planning Team Meeting #6
Review HAZUS Maps and
Reports
X
Encourage Public Participation
in Mitigation Activities X
General Public and External
Agencies Input to Second Draft
Plan
X
Submit Third Draft Plan to Cal
OES/FEMA. Complete
Mandated Revisions.
X X X X
Receive FEMA’s Approval
Pending Adoption X
Post and Conduct City Council
Meeting to Adopt the Final Draft
Plan and submit Proof of
Adoption to FEMA
Receive FEMA Final Approval
Incorporate FEMA Final
Approval into Final Plan
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A2a.
Q: Does the plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local, and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well
as other interested parties to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2))
A: See Secondary Stakeholders below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A2b.
Q: Does the plan identify how the stakeholders were invited to participate in the process? (Requirement
§201.6(b)(2))
A: See Secondary Stakeholders below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A3
Q: Does the plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting
stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
A: See Secondary Stakeholders below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A3a.
Q: Does the plan document how the public was given the opportunity to be involved in the planning
process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
A: See Secondary Stakeholders below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A3b.
Q: Does the plan document how the public’s feedback was incorporated into the plan? (Requirement
§201.6(b)(1))
A: See Secondary Stakeholders below.
Secondary Stakeholders
In addition to the Planning Team, the secondary stakeholders also provided information,
expertise, and other resources during plan writing phase. The secondary stakeholders included
the general public and external agencies. All gathered input was incorporated into the Third Draft
Plan prior to submission to Cal OES and FEMA. For a specific accounting of the date, source,
information gathered, and use of information during the Plan Writing Phase, please see below.
In advance of the City Council public meeting, City staff, general public, and external agencies
were informed of the Final Draft Plan and encouraged to participate in the public meeting. Any
comments gathered were noted in the Planning Team Staff Report and added to the Final Plan.
The Hazard Mitigation Planning Team (Planning Team) consisted of City department staff from
City’s Manager’s Office, Police, Public Works, Planning & Building, Finance, Human Resources
as well as representatives from Santa Ana Unified School District, City of Anaheim, and Orange
County Fire Authority. The Planning Team served as the primary stakeholders throughout the
planning process.
As required by DMA 2000, the Planning Team involved “the public”. The general public and
external agencies were invited to contribute to the mitigation plan during the plan writing phase.
Emails were distributed to external agencies and staff on September 1, 2021, containing a link to
the Second Draft Plan’s web posting. Emails were distributed to the Nixle subscribers and posted
on social media on September 9, 2021, containing a link to the Second Draft Plan’s web posting.
Emails requested comments back from external agencies and staff by September 24, 2021 and
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requested comments from the public by October 1, 2021. See Attachment: Email to External
Agencies for the sample email.
The general public and external agencies served as secondary stakeholders with opportunity to
contribute to the plan during the Plan Writing Phase of the planning process.
Table: Secondary Stakeholder Involvement
Source: Emergency Planning Consultants
Date Invited
to Provide
Input or
Input
Gathered
Agency Represented,
Name, Position Title
Information Received How Information was
Incorporated into Plan
September
1-24, 2021
Robert Simmons, City of
Irvine, Emergency
Management
Administrator
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Jason Dempsey, City of
Costa Mesa, Emergency
Services Administrator
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Stephen Foster, City of
Tustin, Emergency
Operations Coordinator
N/A
Sent
September
1, 2021
Jannine Wilmoth, City of
Anaheim, Emergency
Manager
Recommended several
grammatical changes.
All revisions were made.
Sent
September
1, 2021
Linda Morin, City of
Garden Grove, Emergency
Operations Coordinator
Recommended several
formatting changes.
Planning Team chose to leave
the format and content as
written.
Sent
September
1, 2021
Vicki Osborn, Municipal
Water District of Orange
County, Emergency
Management Director
Plan looks good.
September
1-24, 2021
Michelle Anderson, County
of Orange, Emergency
Management Director
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
James Henery, Orange
County Fire Authority,
Division Chief
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Shane Sherwood, Orange
County Fire Authority,
Division Chief
N/A
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Date Invited
to Provide
Input or
Input
Gathered
Agency Represented,
Name, Position Title
Information Received How Information was
Incorporated into Plan
September
1-24, 2021
Sara Nazir, Santa Ana
Unified School District,
Director of Risk
Management
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
John Hill, Santa Ana
Unified School District
Police Department,
Lieutenant
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Rosa Gonzalez, Garden
Grove Unified School
District, Director of
Business Services
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Donald Maus, Rancho
Santiago Community
College District, Director of
Risk Management
N/A
September
1-24, 2021
Ralph Webb, Santa Ana
College, Director of Safety
and Security
N/A
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1a.
Q: Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1b.
Q: Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s ability to expand on and improve these existing policies
and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5b.
Q: Does the plan identify the position, office, department, or agency responsible for implementing and
administering the action/project, potential funding sources and expected timeframes for completion?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C6a.
Q: Does the plan identify the local planning mechanisms where hazard mitigation information and/or
actions may be incorporated? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs below.
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Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C6b.
Q: Does the plan describe each community’s process to integrate the data, information, and hazard
mitigation goals and actions into other planning mechanisms? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
A: See Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs below.
Capability Assessment – Existing Processes and Programs
The City will incorporate mitigation planning as an integral component of daily operations. This
will be accomplished by the Planning Team working with their respective departments to integrate
mitigation strategies into the planning documents and City operational guidelines. FEMA
identifies four types of capabilities:
✓ Planning and Regulatory
✓ Administrative and Technical
✓ Financial
✓ Education and Outreach
The table below includes a broad range of capabilities within the City to successfully accomplish
mitigation.
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Table: Capability Assessment - Existing Processes and Programs
(Source: City of Santa Ana Website, 2021, Emergency Planning Consultants)
Type of Capability Name of Capability Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning & Regulatory Administrative & Technical Financial Education & Outreach
City of Santa Ana Departments
X X City Attorney’s Office The City Attorney, appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the
City Council, is mandated to provide legal services to the various
officials and departments of the City of Santa Ana. The powers and
duties of the City Attorney include appearing in litigation on behalf of
the City and its officials; drafting all ordinances, resolutions and
contracts; and advising officials and employees on all matters of law
pertaining to official duties. The Santa Ana City Attorney is also
empowered to prosecute violations of municipal and state law on
behalf of the People of the State of California.
X X X X City Manager’s Office The City Manager’s Office is responsible for implementing all of the
City Council’s policy decisions and direction, providing leadership
and direction to department heads and other staff, as well as working
with both Council and staff to develop action plans and programs to
support the City’s mission, values and priorities and serve our great
community. The City of Santa Ana operates under the ‘council-
manager’ form of government, meaning that the Council appoints the
city manager, who is then responsible for the administrative and
staff-appointment duties. The City Council also appoints the City
Attorney and the City Clerk, and makes appointments to City Boards
and Commissions. Contrary to the ‘strong mayor’ form of
government the day-to-day operations of the City are under the
authority of the City Manager. The City Manager appoints and
manages the City’s department heads (Chief of Police, Public Works
Services Director, Community Development Director, Human
Resources Director, Parks, Recreation and Community Services
Director, Information Technology Director, Planning and Building
Director, and Finance Director). There are a number of guiding and
strategic documents to assist the City of Santa Ana serve the
community and deliver on our purpose, which is to provide quality
service to enhance the safety, livability and prosperity of the
community. The City Council approves a strategic plan to provide a
high-level guiding document to support strategic goals and measure
outcomes. The Budget is the City’s financial roadmap to support the
City’s strategic plan and goals and contains funding details to deliver
city services, programs and capital improvement projects.
X X Clerk of the City
Council
The Clerk of the Council Office is responsible for the care of official
records and documents of the city such as agendas, minutes,
resolutions, ordinances, and for providing and maintaining legal and
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Type of Capability Name of Capability Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning & Regulatory Administrative & Technical Financial Education & Outreach
historical records and information. The Clerk of the Council also
coordinates all municipal and special elections held by the city,
coordinates the annual boards, commissions, and committees
recruitment process, administers the records retention and
destruction policy, and receives official filings required by the Fair
Political Practices Commission “FPPC”, such as the Campaign
Contribution Reports, Statements of Economic Interest, and other
such filings. The Clerk’s office prepares and posts the bi-monthly
City Council meeting agendas. These agendas may be viewed on
this website. Copies of agendas, minutes of prior meetings, videos,
and other public documents are also available and may be requested
via the Public Records Request process.
X X X X Community
Development
The Community Development Agency is responsible for providing
services in the area of economic development, job training,
affordable housing, and downtown development. The Agency plans,
develops and administers programs to accomplish the public policy
goals of the Santa Ana City Council, Santa Ana Housing Authority
and Workforce Investment Board.
X Finance and
Management
The Finance and Management Department’s mission is to manage
internal City financial operations and controls at the highest level of
efficiency with effective staffing and management. Its purpose is to
safeguard public funds through proper internal controls, expenditure,
and service operations. In addition, it provides supporting services
for all City agencies and residents. There are several divisions within
the Finance and Management Services Agency including: Treasury
& Customer Service, Purchasing, Budget and Accounting.
X X Human Resources Human Resources Administration staff assist city departments with
interpretation and application of the provisions in the city's labor
agreements, address and resolve employee grievances, conduct
administrative investigations, assist departments in addressing
employee conflict resolution, disciplinary concerns and performance
issues, and coordinate disciplinary review hearings before the
Personnel Board. Human Resources Administration staff also
investigate discrimination and harassment complaints, and
administer the city's employee drug and alcohol testing programs.
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Type of Capability Name of Capability Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning & Regulatory Administrative & Technical Financial Education & Outreach
X X Information
Technology
The Information Technology Department is an Internal Service
department within the City of Santa Ana organization. With about
17 FTEs and an operating budget of around $9m, IT is organized
into three main divisions – Administration, Applications & Client
Services, and Infrastructure Services. The department is a full
service organization providing a centralized resource for technology
deployment and support throughout the City. Services provided
include e-mail, Internet/Intranet, business application systems and
support, geographic information system (GIS) support, project
management, voice and data network management, server and data
center management, cybersecurity, user support help desk, personal
computer, printer, and technology acquisition and support. The
department strives to provide customers high value and excellent
customer service.
X Library Services Santa Ana Public Library's purpose is to respond to our community's
informational, educational, and personal interest needs using books,
materials, technology, and professional expertise. Santa Ana Public
Library is committed to serving the needs of Santa Ana residents first
and foremost. Santa Ana is one of the 100 largest cities in the United
States and its residents have the youngest median age of any of
those cities. For that reason, the Library places special emphasis on
services to children, youth and their families.
Santa Ana’s Library staff shares the cultural heritage of the
community and each staff member strives to provide the highest
level of customer service. The two Library locations are maintained
as safe and wholesome places for young people and their families
to spend out of school and leisure time.
X Parks and Recreation The Parks, Recreation and Community Services Agency is
responsible to deliver a variety of services to the community that
includes recreation programs, parks, libraries, and operations of the
Santa Ana Zoo. The core services the agency provides are essential
in making lives and communities better now and in the future by
providing access to nature, outdoor space to play and exercise,
facilities for self-directed and organized recreation, positive
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Type of Capability Name of Capability Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning & Regulatory Administrative & Technical Financial Education & Outreach
alternatives for youth, and activities that encourage social
connections, human development, and lifelong learning.
X X X Planning and Building The Planning Division maintains the City's General Plan and Zoning
documents. Planning is also responsible for environmental review,
historic preservation, implementation of commercial cannabis
regulations, and new development. Planning provides staff support
to the City's Planning Commission, the Historic Resources
Commission, and the City Council.
X X Police The mission of the Santa Ana Police Department is to deliver public
safety services to the community with the utmost professionalism
and integrity. The Police Department’s values of teamwork,
excellence, accountability, and making a difference act as the
guidelines for the discretionary use of police powers and are the
basis by which employee actions are evaluated.
X X Public Works The Public Works Agency is responsible for building and maintaining
all public streets, storm drains, sewers, and water facilities. In
addition, it coordinates the collection and recycling of refuse, sweep
public streets, landscape the public right-of-way, trim trees, and
remove graffiti. The Public Works department ensures that the
community enjoys high quality drinking water and is able to travel
around the City efficiently through the use of our state-of-the-art
traffic management system. The department works with
neighborhood associations to resolve speeding, parking, and traffic
problems and with developers to ensure that City development
standards are met.
Plans and Programs
X X X X Santa Ana Strategic
Plan
On March 18, 2014, the City Council adopted a 5-year strategic plan.
The adoption of this plan marked a major milestone for both the city
and the community which began in 2012 with the adoption of the
Sunshine Ordinance. The Strategic Plan provides a clear statement
of where the city is going and how it intends to get there. It includes
a vision, a description of the mission of the organization, a set of
guiding principles (values) that will guide actions, a set of multi-year
goals that guide decisions, objectives and strategies for each goal,
and a plan for implementation and accountability.
X X X X City Budget Detail
(FY 2020-2021)
The City of Santa Ana has an annual fiscal budget, which begins in
July and ends in June of the following year. The approach is to
combine the strategic plan and annual financial plan for operations
and capital improvements. This process enables us to direct our
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Type of Capability Name of Capability Capability Description and Ability to Support Mitigation Planning & Regulatory Administrative & Technical Financial Education & Outreach
resources towards programs and activities with the greatest potential
to successfully achieve our Vision and Purpose.
X X X X Capital Improvement
Program 2020-2021
The City’s Capital Improvement Program (CIP) is a long-term plan
which articulates, identifies, and prioritizes both large and expensive
projects focusing on infrastructure improvements, equipment
purchases, and facilities improvements as well as annual and day-
to-day maintenance and repair of the City’s infrastructure. The plan
is executed by the City Council in rolling five-year increments based
on long-term needs of the City balanced with available funding
sources necessary to meet those needs.
X X X X Storm Drain Master
Plan (2018)
The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive long-range
planning for the implementation and development of storm drainage
facility improvements in the City, determine the capital improvement
costs, identify grant opportunity programs, and discuss priorities of
the drainage improvements. The City of Santa Ana encompasses
approximately 27 square miles and is located adjacent to the cities
of Orange, Garden Grove, Westminster, Tustin, Irvine, Costa Mesa,
and Fountain Valley. The Santa Ana River and Santiago Creek run
through Santa Ana, carrying flows to the ocean.
External Agencies
X X X Orange County Fire
Authority
The Orange County Fire Authority is a regional fire service agency
that serves 23 cities in Orange County and all unincorporated areas.
The OCFA protects nearly 2 million residents from its 77 fire stations
located throughout Orange County. The OCFA, founded in 1995, is
a premier public safety agency providing superior fire protection and
medical emergency services to its communities.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A4
Q: Does the plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical
information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3))
A: See Use of Existing Data below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1a.
Q: Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
A: See Use of Existing Data below.
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Use of Existing Data
The Planning Team gathered and reviewed existing data and plans during plan writing and
specifically noted as “sources”. Numerous electronic and hard copy documents were used to
support the planning process:
City of Santa Ana Website
https://www.santa-ana.org/
Applicable Incorporation: City Council, Maps, Location and the Environment, City Profile, Capability
Assessment
Santa Ana General Plan, Public Hearing Draft (2020)
https://www.santa-ana.org/sites/default/files/pb/general-plan/documents/Public%20Review%20Draft/2%20-
%20Safety%20Element.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: Hazard Chapter Information
Santa Ana General Plan, Public Safety Element Draft (2021)
https://www.santa-ana.org/sites/default/files/pb/general-plan/documents/new-elements/PublicSafety.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: Flood Chapter Information
City of Santa Ana Storm Drain Master Plan (2018)
https://www.santa-ana.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MasterSantaAnaMPD6_2_2016.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: Flood Chapter Information, Mitigation Actions Matrix
Census 2020 California Hard-to-County Fact Sheet, Santa Ana (2020)
https://census.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/05/cahtci_all.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: City Profile, Demographics
State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018)
www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/hazard-mitigation/hazard-mitigation-planning/state-hazard-mitigation-
plan
Applicable Incorporation: Used to identify hazards posing greatest threat to State
Vulnerability Assessment Report for the General Plan Update (2020)
https://www.santa-ana.org/sites/default/files/pb/general-
plan/documents/SantaAna_Vulnerability_Assessment_Report_transmittal.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: Climate Change Hazard Information
Orange County General Plan, Safety Element (2013)
https://www.ocgov.com/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?blobid=40234
Applicable Incorporation: Hazard chapter Information
California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment: Los Angeles Region Report
(2018)
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-07/Reg%20Report-%20SUM-CCCA4-2018-
007%20LosAngeles.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: Climate Information
Southern California Association of Governments, Profile of the City of Santa Ana (2019)
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/santaana_localprofile.pdf?1606012682
Applicable Incorporation: Maps
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HAZUS Maps and Reports
Created by Emergency Planning Consultants
Applicable Incorporation: Numerous HAZUS maps and reports have been included for Earthquake and
Flooding to determine specific risks and impacts to the City
FEMA “How To” Mitigation Series (386-1 to 386-9)
www.fema.gov/media
Applicable Incorporation: Mitigation Measures Categories and 4-Step Planning Process are quoted in the
Executive Summary
National Flood Insurance Program
www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program
Applicable Incorporation: Used to confirm there are no repetitive loss properties within the City
Local Flood Insurance Rate Maps
https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home
Applicable Incorporation: Provided by FEMA and included in Flood Hazard section
California Department of Conservation
www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs
Applicable Incorporation: Seismic hazards mapping
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
www.usgs.gov
Applicable Incorporation: Earthquake records and statistics
Using HAZUS for Mitigation Planning (2018)
https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1540479624999-
ab1eca852448e271f0de82cf2031a01b/Using_Hazus_in_Mitigation_Planning_20180820_Final_508_Compli
ant.pdf
Applicable Incorporation: HAZUS Information
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storms Database (2021)
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/county/time-series
Applicable Incorporation: Previous hazard occurrences
Cal OES MyHazards (2021)
https://myhazards.caloes.ca.gov/
Applicable Incorporation: Map for Flooding Hazard.
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Part II: RISK ASSESSMENT
City Profile
Q&A | ELEMENT B3:
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall
summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3))
A: See Location and the Environment below.
Location and the Environment
According to the City’s website, Don Gaspár de
Portolá, a Spanish expedition party leader,
discovered a picturesque valley and river in
Southern California, which he christened Santa
Ana, in honor of Saint Anne, on July 26, 1769.
José Antonio Yorba, a youthful expedition
soldier, and his nephew Juan Peralta, were
given a Spanish land grant for the area. They
developed the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana
for cattle grazing and productive farmland. In
1869, William H. Spurgeon purchased 70 acres
from the Yorba family and plotted a town site.
The new town was given the name Santa Ana.
In 1886, Santa Ana was incorporated as a city.
Orange County was separated from Los Angeles
in 1889, and Santa Ana was designated the
County Seat. Santa Ana is the financial and
governmental center of Orange County and a
major city in the state.
According to the City of Santa Ana General Plan, Public Draft (2020), Santa Ana has a long,
dynamic history of growth and development, starting from its establishment in 1869 (and later
incorporation in 1886) on just over 74 acres of land. In the past 151 years, the City, which sits at
115 feet elevation and 35 meters above sea level, has grown to encompass over 27 square miles,
with a population of more than 330,000 residents and businesses and institutions employing over
160,000 workers (both as of 2020). By the 1990s, very little vacant land remained in the City;
new growth since then has largely involved the recycling and intensification of already developed
properties. In the past 15 years, dozens of unique and creative projects have infused new life
and investment into the City. The City has also expanded beyond its historic role as the civic
center of Orange County. It is emerging as the county’s cultural and economic hub.
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Map: City of Santa Ana
(Source: City of Santa Ana General Plan, Public Draft 2020)
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Map: Southern California Association of Governments Map of District 16
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
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Climate
General Climate
The City of Santa Ana sits within Orange County, which experiences a Mediterranean climate,
according to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment (2018). This climate consists of
hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Temperatures
According to the US Climate Data, the City experiences an annual high average temperature of
76 degrees and a low average of 55 degrees. Average precipitation consists of 13.63 inches.
Graph: Weather Averages in Santa Ana
(Source: US Climate Data)
Table: Seasonal Average Temperatures
(Source: Santa Ana Website)
Season Lows Highs
Winter 49:0°F 70:0°F
Spring 56:33°F 73:33°F
Summer 68:66ºF 84:33°F
Fall 60:3ºF 83:66ºF
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Graph: Weather Averages in Santa Ana
(Source: NOAA)
Precipitation
According to the Santa Ana website, the City experienced a rainfall total 19.71 inches from 2018-
2019. This is an increase from the City’s annual seasonal average from 1977-2017, which was
13.53 inches.
Population and Demographics
According to the Census 2020 California Hard-to-Count Fact Sheet, Santa Ana has a population
of 334,493. Most of the population identifies as Hispanic or Latino (77.3%).
Table: City of Santa Ana Demographics
(Source: Census California Hard-to-Count Fact Sheet, 2020)
Racial/Ethnic Group Population Percentage (%)
Hispanic or Latino of any race 258,563 77.3%
White alone 31,442 9.4%
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Racial/Ethnic Group Population Percentage (%)
Black alone 2,675 0.8%
American Indian or Alaska Native alone 334 0.1%
Asian alone 38,132 11.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific
Islander alone 668 0.2%
Other race alone 334 0.1%
Housing
According to the Profile of the City of Santa Ana (2019), between 2000 and 2018, the median
home sales price of existing homes increased 198% from $181,000 to $540,000.
Table: City of Santa Ana Housing Data
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
2000 2010 2018
Owners 49.3% 47.5% 45.4%
Renters 50.7% 52.5% 54.6%
Median Home Sale Price $181,000 $288,000 $540,000
The most common housing type is the Single Family Detached. 53% of homes are single family
and 41.8% are multi-family.
Table: City of Santa Ana Housing Data
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
Housing Type Number of Units Percent of Total Units
Single Family Detached 35,640 45.6%
Single Family Attached 5,762 7.4%
Multi-Family: 2-4 Units 7,553 9.7%
Multi-Family: 5+ Units 25,048 32.1%
Mobile Home 4,049 5.2%
Total 78,052 100.0%
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Employment and Industry
According to the Profile of the City of Santa Ana (2019), the predominant employment industries
for Santa Ana residents include Professional (23.1%), Education (18.2%), and Manufacturing
(11.4%).
Table: City of Santa Ana Jobs by Sector, 2017
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
Table: City of Santa Ana Jobs by Sector
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
Industry 2007 2017
Percent % Percent %
Professional 19.8 23.1
Education 15.2 18.2
Leisure 6.5 8.0
Other 3.5 2.7
Public 5.2 4.1
Agriculture 0.2 n/a
Construction 6.7 5.3
Manufacturing 14.8 11.4
Wholesale 5.6 7.0
Retail 8.2 8.5
Transportation 3.7 2.5
Information 2.2 2.3
Finance 8.4 7.0
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Transportation and Commuting Patterns
According to the Profile of the City of Santa Ana (2019), 44% of residents spend between 15-30
minutes commuting to work and 24% of people commute 30-45 minutes to work.
Table: City of Santa Ana Travel Time to Work, 2018
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
Most residents choose to drive alone (73%) and only 14% of residents carpool. Public transit is
utilized by 6% of the population, while the remainder of residents use alternate forms of
transportation such as walking, bicycling, or they have in-home employment.
Table: City of Santa Ana Transportation Data
(Source: Profile of the City of Santa Ana, 2019)
2000 2010 2018
Drive Alone 61% 62% 73%
Carpool 25% 22% 14%
Public Transit 9% 11% 6%
Other 5% 6% 7%
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Q&A | ELEMENT D: MITIGATION STRATEGY | D1
Q: Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
A: See Changes in Development below
Changes in Development
Since its incorporation, Santa Ana has grown into a flourishing urban city. As such, the City of
Santa Ana has essentially been built out for many years, with very little vacant land remaining for
new development. Since the 2005 Hazard Mitigation Plan, the majority of development in the
City has consisted remodeling of existing structures or redevelopment of properties requiring
demolition and replacement of existing buildings.
Since the adoption of the 2005 Plan, there have been no significant alterations to the development
pattern of the City in the hazard prone areas. This conclusion was reached after a thorough
review of the General Plan and discussion with the Planning Team. Furthermore, the Planning
Team concluded the overall vulnerability to identified hazards remained approximately the same.
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Risk Assessment
What is a Risk Assessment?
Conducting a risk assessment can provide information regarding: the location of hazards; the
value of existing land and property in hazard locations; and an analysis of risk to life, property,
and the environment that may result from natural hazard events. Specifically, the five levels of a
risk assessment are as follows:
1. Hazard Identification
2. Profiling Hazard Events
3. Vulnerability Assessment/Inventory of Existing Assets
4. Risk Analysis
5. Assessing Vulnerability/Analyzing Development Trends
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1a.
Q: Does the plan include a general description of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Hazard Identification below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1b.
Q: Does the plan provide rationale for the omission of any natural hazards that are commonly recognized
to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Hazard Identification below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1c.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the location for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Hazard Identification below.
1) Hazard Identification
This section is the description of the geographic extent, potential intensity, and the probability of
occurrence of a given hazard. Maps are used in this plan to display hazard identification data.
The City of Santa Ana utilized the categorization of hazards as identified in California’s State
Hazard Mitigation Plan, including Earthquakes, Floods, Levee Failures, Wildfires, Landslides and
Earth Movements, Tsunami, Climate-Related Hazards, Volcanoes, and Other Hazards.
Next, the Planning Team reviewed existing documents to determine which of these hazards
posed the most significant threat to the City and its ability to deliver services. In other words,
which hazard would likely result in a proclamation of local emergency.
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The geographic extent of each of the identified hazards was identified by the Planning Team
utilizing maps and data contained in the Santa Ana General Plan (2020) and the Orange County
General Plan (2013). Utilizing the Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) ranking technique, the
Planning Team concluded the following hazards posed a significant threat against the City.
Earthquake | Flood | Climate Change (sub-hazards Drought and Extreme Heat) |
Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1e.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the extent for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index Ranking below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2b.
Q: Does the plan include information on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index Ranking below.
The hazard ranking system is described in Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index, while the actual
ranking is shown in Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index Ranking for the City of Santa Ana.
Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index
(Source: FEMA Emergency Management Institute – Risk Assessment Course)
CPRI
Category
Degree of Risk Assigned
Weighting
Factor Level ID Description Index
Value
Probability
Unlikely
Extremely rare with no documented history of occurrences or
events.
Annual probability of less than 1 in 1,000 years.
1
45%
Possibly Rare occurrences.
Annual probability of between 1 in 100 years and 1 in 1,000 years. 2
Likely
Occasional occurrences with at least 2 or more documented
historic events.
Annual probability of between 1 in 10 years and 1 in 100 years.
3
Highly Likely Frequent events with a well-documented history of occurrence.
Annual probability of greater than 1 every year. 4
Magnitude/
Severity
Negligible
Negligible property damages (less than 5% of critical and non-
critical facilities and infrastructure. Injuries or illnesses are treatable
with first aid and there are no deaths.
Negligible loss of quality of life. Shut down of critical public facilities
for less than 24 hours.
1
30%
Limited
Slight property damage (greater than 5% and less than 25% of
critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries or
illnesses do not result in permanent disability, and there are no
deaths. Moderate loss of quality of life. Shut down of critical public
facilities for more than 1 day and less than 1 week.
2
Critical Moderate property damage (greater than 25% and less than 50%
of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries or 3
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illnesses result in permanent disability and at least 1 death. Shut
down of critical public facilities for more than 1 week and less than
1 month.
Catastrophic
Severe property damage (greater than 50% of critical and non-
critical facilities and infrastructure). Injuries and illnesses result in
permanent disability and multiple deaths.
Shut down of critical public facilities for more than 1 month.
4
Warning
Time
> 24 hours Population will receive greater than 24 hours of warning. 1
15% 12–24 hours Population will receive between 12-24 hours of warning. 2
6-12 hours Population will receive between 6-12 hours of warning. 3
< 6 hours Population will receive less than 6 hours of warning. 4
Duration
< 6 hours Disaster event will last less than 6 hours 1
10% < 24 hours Disaster event will last less than 6-24 hours 2
< 1 week Disaster event will last between 24 hours and 1 week. 3
> 1 week Disaster event will last more than 1 week 4
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Table: Calculated Priority Risk Index Ranking for the City of Santa Ana
(Source: City of Santa Ana Planning Team)
Hazard Probability Weighted 45% (x.45) Magnitude Severity Weighted 30% (x.3) Warning Time Weighted 15% (x.15) Duration Weighted 10% (x.1) CPRI Total Earthquake – Newport-Inglewood Fault M7.2 3 1.35 4 1.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 3.25
Earthquake – Whittier Fault M7.0 3 1.35 4 1.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 3.25
Earthquake – San Andreas Fault M7.9 3 1.35 3 0.9 4 0.6 1 0.1 2.95
Earthquake – Elsinore Fault M7.5 2 0.9 4 1.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 2.80
Earthquake – Compton M7.4 2 0.9 4 1.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 2.80
Earthquake – Anaheim M6.4 2 0.9 4 1.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 2.80
Flood 3 1.35 2 0.6 2 0.3 2 0.2 2.45
Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases 2 0.9 2 0.6 2 0.3 4 0.4 2.20
Climate Change 3 1.35 1 0.3 1 0.15 4 0.4 2.20
Drought 3 1.35 1 0.3 1 0.15 4 0.4 2.20
Extreme Heat 3 1.35 1 0.3 1 0.15 4 0.4 2.20
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1b.
Q: Does the plan provide rationale for the omission of any natural hazards that are commonly recognized
to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Profiling Hazard Events below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1c.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the location for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Profiling Hazard Events below.
2) Profiling Hazard Events
This process describes the causes and characteristics of each hazard and what part of City
facilities, infrastructure, and environment may be vulnerable to each specific hazard. A profile of
each hazard discussed in this plan is provided in the Hazard Analysis. Table: Vulnerability:
Location, Extent, and Probability for the City of Santa Ana indicates a generalized perspective of
the City’s vulnerability of the various hazards according to extent (or degree), location, and
probability.
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1b.
Q: Does the plan provide rationale for the omission of any natural hazards that are commonly recognized
to affect the jurisdiction(s) in the planning area? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1c.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the location for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1d.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the extent for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1e.
Q: Does the plan include a description of the extent for all natural hazards that can affect each
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2a.
Q: Does the plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2b.
Q: Does the plan include information on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City below.
Table: Vulnerability: Location, Extent, and Probability for the City of Santa Ana
Hazard
Location (Where) Extent
(How Big an Event)
Probability
(How Often) *
Previous Occurrences
Earthquake (San
Andreas Fault
M7.9)
Entire City The Southern California Earthquake
Center (SCEC) in 2007 concluded
that there is a 99.7 % probability
that an earthquake of M6.7 or
greater will hit California within 30
years.1
Likely March 10, 1933: Long
Beach earthquake,
caused substantial
structural damage on
4th street.
Flood
City facilities located
within 100-Year and
500-Year flood zones,
as well as Northern
border of the City and
along the Santa Ana
100-Year and 500-Year Flood Zone
areas subject to inundation,
flooding, and flash flooding.
Likely December 6, 2018:
rainfall at a rate of 1
inch per hour, flash
flooding across the
entire region.
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Hazard
Location (Where) Extent
(How Big an Event)
Probability
(How Often) *
Previous Occurrences
River on the West side
of the City.
Climate Change Entire City Impacts would range from mild to
severe throughout the City. Likely
Increasing
temperatures
throughout the region
over the past century.
Drought Entire City Statewide Drought 2011-2015 Likely
2013-2015. City
issued mandatory
reductions of 13% in
2013 and another
12% in 2015.
Extreme Heat Entire City Impacts would range from mild to
severe throughout the City. Likely
As recently as 2022,
heat and humidity are
increasing.
Epidemic /
Pandemic / Vector-
Borne Diseases
Entire City Impacts would range from mild to
severe throughout the City. Likely Coronavirus March
2020-present
* Probability is defined as: Unlikely = 1:1,000 years, Possibly = 1:100-1:1,000 years,
Likely = 1:10-1:100 years, Highly Likely = 1:1 year
1 Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
HAZUS-MH
The hazard maps in the Mitigation Plan were
generated by Emergency Planning Consultants
using FEMA’s Hazards United States – Multi Hazard
(HAZUS-MH) software program. The HAZUS
complete reports are attached separately.
Once the location and size of a hypothetical
earthquake are identified, HAZUS-MH estimates the
intensity of the ground shaking, the number of
buildings damaged, the number of casualties, the
amount of damage to transportation systems and
utilities, the number of people displaced from their
homes, and the estimated cost of repair and clean
up. It’s important to note that the “project area” is based on Census Tracts not jurisdictional
boundaries.
As per FEMA’s HAZUS Guidebook, HAZUS is a GIS-based software that can be used to estimate
potential damage, economic loss, and social impacts from earthquake, flood, tsunami and
hurricane wind hazards. The HAZUS software includes nationwide general GIS datasets, and a
model for the four natural disasters below. The model results can support the risk assessment
piece of mitigation planning.
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Graphic: Model Results to Support Risk Assessment for Mitigation Planning
(Source: Using HAZUS for Mitigation Planning, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2018)
HAZUS is packaged with datasets that include building inventories and infrastructure for the entire
United States. Because HAZUS is currently built on GIS technology, the inventory and
infrastructure datasets can be mapped and intersected with the hazard information created from
the four models.
Following the intersection, HAZUS determines the effects of wind, ground shaking, and water
depths on buildings and infrastructure to calculate losses and damages. The outputs and
estimates can be used in hazard mitigation planning, emergency response, and planning for
recovery and reconstruction.
Losses estimated in HAZUS are based on the accuracy of input data. Basic analysis can be
developed using the default data and parameter data provided within HAZUS. Users can conduct
more advanced analysis using more accurate data that is specific to the region, hazard,
population, etc. User-supplied data improves the accuracy of inventories and/or parameters.
Advanced-level analyses may also incorporate data from third-party studies. The user must
determine the appropriate level of analysis to meet the user’s needs and resources.
HAZUS analysis can be performed at three different levels:
• A Level 1 basic analysis can be performed simply using the default data provided. This
level of analysis is very coarse, and because the results will be subject to a much higher
level of uncertainty, this should serve primarily as a baseline for further study. The user
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will still be able to produce basic maps and results. Limited additional data will be required
to complete the flood analysis. Site specific input data produces more accuracy in
vulnerability identification and loss estimation amounts. If the data is available, it is highly
recommended that a user integrate site specific data to reduce uncertainty associated with
the results of default data. Using a user defined depth grid, in the flood model, against
default state data is classified as a level 1 analysis and is the recommendation of HAZUS
Program.
• A Level 2 advanced analysis increases the accuracy and precision of an analysis by
incorporating user-supplied data relevant to a given hazard. While the data included with
the HAZUS software can be utilized to run a basic level one analysis, level two inputs are
supplied by local sources and contain a higher level of detail. This can include datasets
that model the hazards in more detail, or datasets that increase the accuracy of the
inventory information. Incorporating more detailed data will improve the quality of the
results. Level 2 is broadly defined as the incorporation of user-defined hazard and
updated GBS or site-specific data.
• A Level 3 advanced analysis achieves the highest degree of precision and involves
modifying or substituting the model parameters and/or equations, relevant to a given
hazard. Users can modify inputs depending on the time and resources available. Keeping
track of the data used is suggested so that any relationships between input and results is
documented. It is usually done by advanced users experienced with both the hazard and
the HAZUS software.
FEMA’s Natural Hazard Risk Assessment Program (NHRAP) encourages users to conduct Level
2 or 3 analyses to improve the accuracy of results and recommends the use of user defined data
(e.g., depth grids for all flood analysis) for mitigation planning.
Graphic: HAZUS Analysis Levels
(Source: Using HAZUS for Mitigation Planning, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2018)
HAZUS creates credible estimates for losses and damages; datasets created on the local level
typically provide greater detail than the datasets that are packaged with HAZUS (Level 1).
Incorporating local datasets into the analysis will improve the results.
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It’s important to note that the HAZUS maps and reports on flooding, that loss estimations are for
specific riverine scenarios. FEMA flood maps are not used in HAZUS analysis, in that it does not
use historical flood data as an input. However, physical data (i.e., USGS DEM, or Depth Grids)
are used to define the terrain in the study area. Once a scenario is chosen (100-year, 500-year)
the model estimates the physical, economic, and social impacts of that one event, a snapshot in
time.
HAZUS analysis does not supersede the comprehensive investigation of FEMA Flood Maps, the
results will never match exactly the flooding areas found on FEMA flood maps. However, if you
compare the two, you'll be able to verify areas of potential flood risk, and the result from the model
will aid to identify the possible damages and the financial cost from that event.
HAZUS Outputs
The user plays a major role in selecting the scope and nature of the output of a HAZUS analysis.
A variety of maps can be generated for visualizing the extent of the losses. Numerical results
may be examined at the level of the census block or tract or may be aggregated by county or
region. There are three main categories of HAZUS outputs: direct physical damage, induced
damage, and direct losses. Direct physical damage includes general building stock (GBS),
essential facilities, high potential loss facilities, transportation systems, utility systems, and user
defined facilities. Induced damage includes building debris, tree debris generation and fire
following disaster occurrence. Direct losses include losses for buildings, contents, inventory,
income, crop damage, vehicle loss, injuries, casualties, sheltering needs and displaced
households.
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Graphic: HAZUS Outputs
(Source: Using HAZUS for Mitigation Planning, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2018)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Vulnerability Assessment/Inventory of Existing Assets below.
3) Vulnerability Assessment/Inventory of Existing Assets
A Vulnerability Assessment in its simplest form is a simultaneous look at the geographical location
of hazards and an inventory of the underlying land uses (populations, structures, etc.). Facilities
that provide critical and essential services following a major emergency are of particular concern
because these locations house staff and equipment necessary to provide important public safety,
emergency response, and/or disaster recovery functions.
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Critical Facilities
FEMA separates critical buildings and facilities into the five categories shown below based on
their loss potential. All of the following elements are considered critical facilities:
Essential Facilities are essential to the health and welfare of the whole population and are
especially important following hazard events. Essential facilities include hospitals and
other medical facilities, police and fire stations, emergency operations centers and
evacuation shelters, and schools.
Transportation Systems include airways – airports, heliports; highways – bridges, tunnels,
roadbeds, overpasses, transfer centers; railways – trackage, tunnels, bridges, rail yards,
depots; and waterways – canals, locks, seaports, ferries, harbors, drydocks, piers.
Lifeline Utility Systems such as potable water, wastewater, oil, natural gas, electric power
and communication systems.
High Potential Loss Facilities are facilities that would have a high loss associated with
them, such as nuclear power plants, dams, and military installations.
Hazardous Material Facilities include facilities housing industrial/hazardous materials,
such as corrosives, explosives, flammable materials, radioactive materials, and toxins.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3a.
Q: Is there a description of each hazard’s impacts on each jurisdiction (what happens to structures,
infrastructure, people, environment, etc.)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Table: Critical Facilities Vulnerable to Hazards below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Table: Critical Facilities Vulnerable to Hazards below.
Table: Critical Facilities Vulnerable to Hazards below illustrates the hazards with potential to
impact critical facilities owned by or providing services to the City.
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Table: Critical Facilities Vulnerable to Hazards
(Source: Santa Ana website and Emergency Planning Consultants)
City of Santa Ana Critical Facilities Earthquakes Flood Epidemic / Pandemic / Vector-Borne Diseases Climate Change Drought Extreme Heat City Offices & Governmental Functions
City of Santa Ana City Hall X X X X X
City of Santa Ana City Hall Ross Annex X X X X X
City of Santa Ana Corporate Yard X X X X X X
City Community Center Shelter Sites
Jerome Recreation Center X X X X X X
Logan Recreation Center X X X X X
McFadden Learning Center (PAAL) X X
Memorial Recreation Center X X X X X
Salgado Recreation Center X X X X X
Santa Ana Senior Center X X X X X
Santa Anita Recreation Center X X X X X X
Southwest Senior Center X X X X X X
Emergency Services
Santa Ana Police Department X X X X X X
Santa Ana Police Department Detention Facility X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 70 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 71 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 72 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 73 X X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 74 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 75 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 76 X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 77 X X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 78 X X X X X X
OCFA Fire Station 79 X X X X X
Water Reservoirs
Cambridge Station X X X X X
Crooke Station X X X X X
East Station X X X X X
Elevated Tank X X X X X
J. Garthe Station X X X X X X
South Station X X X X X
Walnut Station X X X X X
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City of Santa Ana Critical Facilities Earthquakes Flood Epidemic / Pandemic / Vector-Borne Diseases Climate Change Drought Extreme Heat West Station X X X X X X
Water Wells
Well 16 X X X X X
Well 18 X X X X X X
Well 20 X X X X X X
Well 21 X X X X X X
Well 24 X X X X X X
Well 26 X X X X X
Well 27 X X X X X X
Well 28 X X X X X
Well 29 X X X X X
Well 30 X X X X X X
Well 31 X X X X X
Well 32 X X X X X
Well 33 X X X X X
Well 34 X X X X X
Well 35 X X X X X X
Well 36 X X X X X X
Well 37 X X X X X
Well 38 X X X X X
Well 39 X X X X X X
Well 40 X X X X X
Well 41 X X X X X
Sewer Lift Stations
Maxine Life Station X X X X X
Segerstrom Life Station X X X X X
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Earthquake Hazards
Hazard Definition
An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling
that is caused by a release of strain accumulated
within or along the edge of the Earth's tectonic
plates. The effects of an earthquake can be felt
far beyond the site of its occurrence. They usually
occur without warning and, after just a few
seconds, can cause massive damage and
extensive casualties. Common effects of
earthquakes are ground motion and shaking,
surface fault ruptures, and ground failure.
There are two tools used to describe earthquake
intensity. The first is the Magnitude Scale, which
is sometimes referred to as the Richter Scale. The
two are similar but not exactly the same. The
Magnitude Scale was devised as a means of rating earthquake strength and is an indirect
measure of seismic energy released. The Scale is logarithmic with each one-point increase
corresponding to a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of the seismic shock waves generated by
the earthquake. In terms of actual energy released, however, each one-point increase on the
Richter scale corresponds to about a 32-fold increase in energy released. Therefore, a Magnitude
7 (M7) earthquake is 100 times (10 X 10) more powerful than a M5 earthquake and releases
1,024 times (32 X 32) the energy.
Image: Richter Scale
(Source: USGS)
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Image: Magnitude Scale
(Source: USGS)
The second scale is the Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale. According to the US Geological
Survey, this scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening,
movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally - total destruction. Although numerous
intensity scales have been developed over the last several hundred years to evaluate the effects
of earthquakes, the one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity
Scale. It was developed in 1931 by the American seismologists Harry Wood and Frank Neumann.
This scale, composed of increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to
catastrophic destruction, is designated by Roman numerals. It does not have a mathematical
basis; instead it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects.
The Modified Mercalli Intensity value assigned to a specific site after an earthquake has a more
meaningful measure of severity to the nonscientist than the magnitude because intensity refers
to the effects actually experienced at that place. The lower numbers of the intensity scale
generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people. The higher numbers of
the scale are based on observed structural damage. Structural engineers usually contribute
information for assigning intensity values of VIII or above. Below is an image of the scale.
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Table: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
(Source: USGS)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2a.
Q: Does the plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Occurrences of Earthquakes in the City below.
Previous Occurrences of Earthquakes in the City
The most significant earthquake to impact the City was the 1933
Long Beach earthquake. On March 10, 1933, the Newport-
Inglewood Fault ruptured with a magnitude 6.4 earthquake.
Santa Ana suffered substantial structural damage from the event,
especially on 4th street (as seen in adjoining photo). Santa Ana
suffered 3 of the 4 deaths occurring in Orange County during this
earthquake. All 3 of the deaths all occurred in downtown Santa
Ana. The original Santa Ana City Hall and the original Santa Ana
High School, the first high school opened in Orange County, were
both destroyed by this earthquake.
The City has experienced multiple earthquakes since then, but
none have had the same devastation.
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Table: Historic Earthquakes Affecting Communities Near Orange County
(Source: USGS)
(Date Earthquake Damage
March 29, 2014 La Habra,
M5.1
On March 29, 2014, at 9:09pm, an earthquake hit one mile away from La Habra. It was
followed by 30 aftershocks. The quake resulted in roughly 2,000 people without power,
but the community suffered minimal damage.
July 29, 2008 Chino Hills,
M5.4
On Tuesday, July 29, 2008, at 11:42 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, a magnitude 5.4
earthquake rumbled the East Los Angeles area of California. The epicenter of the quake
was about 9 miles beneath the Chino Hills. According to reports from the U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS), the quake and several aftershocks caused strong shaking from the Chino
Basin in the north to the Los Angeles basin in the southwest. Some shaking was felt as
far away as Las Vegas, Nevada, and Yuma, Arizona.
March 11, 1933 Long Beach,
M6.4
In the early evening hours on March 10, 1933, the treacherous Newport-Inglewood fault
ruptured, jolting the local citizenry just as the evening meals were being prepared. The
Magnitude 6.4 earthquake caused extensive damage (approximately $50 million in 1933
dollars) throughout the City of Long Beach and surrounding communities. Damage was
most significant to poorly designed and unreinforced brick structures. Sadly, the
earthquake caused 120 fatalities. Within a few seconds, 120 schools in and around the
Long Beach area were damaged, of which 70 were destroyed. Experts concluded that if
children and their teachers were in school at the time of the earthquake, casualties would
have been in the thousands.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1a.
Q: Does the plan include a general description of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Local Conditions
According to the Orange County General Plan, Safety Element (2013), potentially hazardous,
active fault zones run along the coastal and inland edges of the County. The best known of the
faults is the Newport-Inglewood Fault, which angles from offshore near Dana Point, inland
through what is now the City of Newport Beach, on into Los Angeles County through the cities of
Long Beach and Torrance. This fault zone produced the catastrophic 1933 Long Beach
earthquake with a Richter scale magnitude of 6.3. It is believed this fault is capable of generating
a maximum 7.5 magnitude earthquake.
Due to the proximity of active and potentially active faults in and around Orange County and its
degree of urbanization, the risk of structural damage and loss of life due to ground shaking is
considerable. The risk of secondary hazards is also great. According to various geologic experts,
much of Orange County is highly susceptible to slope failure (activated by ground shaking),
lurching and displacement. Another secondary hazard of particular concern to some portions of
Orange County is that of liquefaction.
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Map: Local Faults
(Source: Safety Element, Santa Ana General Plan, 2020)
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San Andreas Fault Zone
The San Andreas Fault Zone falls East of the City. This fault zone extends from the Gulf of
California northward to the Cape Mendocino area where it continues northward along the ocean
floor. The total length of the San Andreas Fault Zone is approximately 750 miles. The activity of
the fault has been recorded during historic events, including the 1906 (M8.0) event in San
Francisco and the 1857 (M7.9) event between Cholame and San Bernardino, where at least 250
miles of surface rupture occurred. These seismic events are among the most significant
earthquakes in California history. Geologic evidence suggests that the San Andreas Fault has a
50 percent chance of producing a magnitude 7.5 to 8.5 quake (comparable to the great San
Francisco earthquake of 1906) within the next 30 years.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – San Andreas Fault M7.9
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – San Andreas Fault M7.9
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Newport-Inglewood Fault
This fault zone consists of a right-lateral, local reverse slip associated with fault steps. It is 75
kilometers in length with a slip rate of .6 millimeters per year. The communities nearest to this
fault are Culver City, Inglewood, Gardena, Compton, Signal Hill, Long Beach, Seal Beach,
Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa. Its most recent surface rupture was in 1933
with a magnitude of 6.4. This fault has a probable magnitude of 6.0-7.4. According to the
Earthquake Data Center, Surface trace is discontinuous in the Los Angeles Basin, but the fault
zone can easily be noted there by the existence of a chain of low hills extending from Culver City
to Signal Hill. South of Signal Hill, it roughly parallels the coastline until just south of Newport
Bay, where it heads offshore, and becomes the Newport-Inglewood - Rose Canyon fault zone.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – Newport-Inglewood Fault M7.2
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – Newport-Inglewood Fault M7.2
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Whittier Fault
The Whittier Fault lies North of the City. It is a 40-kilometer right-lateral strike-slip fault that runs
along the Chino Hills range between the cities of Chino Hills and Whittier. The fault has a slip
rate of 2.5 to 3.0 millimeters per year. It is estimated that this fault could generate a quake of 6.0
– 7.2M.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – Whittier Fault M7.0
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – Whittier Fault M7.0
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Elsinore Fault Zone
The Elsinore fault zone lies approximately 18 miles East of the City. According to USGS, it’s
projected to have a magnitude of 7.0 with a depth of 11.6 km. The Elsinore fault zone is a major
dextral shear system, parallel to the southern San Andreas fault, that accommodates about 5
mm/year of the Pacific-North American Plate boundary slip. The northern elements of the fault
zone, the Chino and Whittier faults, bound the Puente Hills, an uplifted block of Tertiary sediments.
The Glen Ivy section forms the northeast boundary of the Santa Ana Mountains, and, together
with the Temecula section, forms the Elsinore trough. To the southeast the fault zone (Temecula,
Julian, and Coyote Mountain sections) cuts diagonally across various Peninsular Range
batholithic and pre-batholithic metamorphic terrain until it reaches the southwestern margin of the
Salton Trough as the Laguna Salada fault. Total strike-slip is reported to be as much as 40 km
but is more likely only 10–15 km, and total vertical separation is about 200 m.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – Elsinore Fault M7.5
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – Elsinore Fault M7.5
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Anaheim Scenario
The earthquake scenario places the epicenter in Anaheim approximately 6 miles Northwest of
Santa Ana. Like what occurred during the Northridge Earthquake caused by a previously
unknown upward thrust fault, the scenario is not based on a known fault but rather a possible
location. The scenario assumes a magnitude of 6.4 with a depth of 10.5 km.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – Anaheim Scenario M6.4
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – Anaheim Scenario M6.4
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Compton Fault
The Compton fault lies Northwest of the City. According to USUS, the Compton thrust fault (blind)
extends below the western Los Angeles Basin, lying entirely within Mesozoic metamorphic
basement (Catalina Schist). Most of the thrust fault is a ramp that rises to the southwest from
depths as great as 10 km up to 5 km. The ramp connects the Central Basin Decollement, a thrust
flat below the Los Angeles Basin, with shallower parts of the thrust fault near its tip below the
Palos Verdes Peninsula. It was estimated to have a slip rate of 1.2+0.5, -0.3 mm/year.
Map: Shake Intensity Map – Compton Fault M7.4
(Source: USGS)
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Map: HAZUS – Compton Fault M7.4
(Source: Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Earthquake Related Hazards
Ground shaking, landslides, and liquefaction are the specific hazards associated with
earthquakes. The severity of these hazards depends on several factors, including soil and slope
conditions, proximity to the fault, earthquake magnitude, and the type of earthquake.
Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is the motion felt on the earth's surface caused by seismic waves generated by
the earthquake. It is the primary cause of earthquake damage. The strength of ground shaking
depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, the type of fault, and distance from the epicenter
(where the earthquake originates). Buildings on poorly consolidated and thick soils will typically
see more damage than buildings on consolidated soils and bedrock.
Earthquake-Induced Landslides
Earthquake-induced landslides are secondary earthquake hazards that occur from ground
shaking. They can destroy the roads, buildings, utilities, and other critical facilities necessary to
respond and recover from an earthquake. Many communities in Southern California have a high
likelihood of encountering such risks, especially in areas with steep slopes.
Rock falls may happen suddenly and without warning but are more likely to occur in response to
earthquake induced ground shaking, during periods of intense rainfall, or as a result of human
activities, such as grading and blasting. Ground acceleration of at least 0.10g in steep terrain is
necessary to induce earthquake-related rock falls.
The following map shows the minimal risk of earthquake-induced landslide risk within the City.
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Map: Landslide Susceptibility
(Source: Department of Conservation)
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Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by
earthquake shaking or other events. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils, which are soils in
which the space between individual soil particles is completely filled with water. This water exerts
a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed
together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake
shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily
move with respect to each other. Because liquefaction only occurs in saturated soil, its effects
are most commonly observed in low lying areas. Typically, liquefaction is associated with shallow
groundwater, which is less than 50 feet beneath the earth’s surface. Map: Liquefaction Zones
shows the City’s significant susceptibility to liquefaction.
Map: Liquefaction Zones
(Source: Department of Conservation)
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Structures and Building Code
The built environment is susceptible to damage from earthquakes. Buildings that collapse can
trap and bury people. Lives are at risk, and the cost to clean up the damages is great. In most
California communities, including the City of Santa Ana, many buildings were built before 1973
when building codes were not as strict. In addition, retrofitting is not required except under certain
conditions and can be expensive. Therefore, the number of buildings at risk remains high.
Perhaps at greatest risk are the unreinforced masonry buildings. The California Seismic Safety
Commission makes annual reports on the progress of the retrofitting of unreinforced masonry
buildings. According to the State of California’s 2006 URM Report, all URM buildings within the
City have been identified and upgraded to meet local municipal requirements.
Implementation of earthquake mitigation policy most often takes place at the local government
level. The City of Santa Ana Planning and Building Department enforces building codes
pertaining to earthquake hazards.
Additionally, the City has implemented basic building requirements that are above and beyond
what the State demands for hazard mitigation. Newly constructed buildings in Santa Ana that are
built in an area subject to earthquake-induced landslide or liquefaction are typically built with extra
foundation support. Such support is found in the post-tension reinforced concrete foundation; this
same technique is used by coastal cities to prevent home destruction during cases of liquefaction.
Generally, these codes seek to discourage development in areas that could be prone to flooding,
landslide, wildfire and/or seismic hazards; and where development is permitted, that the
applicable construction standards are met. Developers in hazard-prone areas may be required
to retain a qualified professional engineer to evaluate level of risk on the site and recommend
appropriate mitigation measures.
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3a.
Q: Is there a description of each hazard’s impacts on each jurisdiction (what happens to structures,
infrastructure, people, environment, etc.)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Impact of Earthquakes in the City below.
Vulnerability of City to Earthquakes
According to the 2021 County of Orange and Orange County Fire Authority Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, following major earthquakes, extensive search and rescue operations may be
required to assist trapped or injured persons. Emergency medical care, food and temporary
shelter would be required for injured or displaced persons. In the event of a truly catastrophic
earthquake, identification and burial of the fatalities would pose difficult problems. Mass
evacuation may be essential to save lives, particularly in areas below dams. Many families
could be separated if the earthquake should occur during working hours. Emergency
operations could be seriously hampered by the loss of communications and damage to
transportation routes within, to and out of the disaster area and by the disruption of public
utilities and services. Unless properly secured, hazardous materials can be released, causing
significant damage to the environment and people. Extensive federal assistance could be
required and could continue for an extended period.
A significant earthquake (5.0 or greater) in the Orange County area or the region can strike
without warning, and may create cascading effects including:
• Earthquakes can cause large and sometimes disastrous landslides and mudslides. Any steep
slope is vulnerable to slope failure, often as a result of loss of cohesion in clay-rich soils.
• Earthquakes can also cause dam failures. The most common mode of earthquake-induced
dam failure is slumping or settlement of earth-fill dams where the fill has not been property
compacted. If the slumping occurs when the dam is full, then overtopping of the dam, with rapid
erosion leading to dam failure is possible. Dam failure is also possible if strong ground motions
heavily damage concrete dams. Earthquake-induced landslides into reservoirs have also
caused dam failures.
• Another secondary effect of earthquakes that is often observed in low-lying areas near water
bodies is ground liquefaction. Liquefaction is the conversion of water-saturated soil into a fluid-
like mass. This can occur when loosely packed, waterlogged sediments lose their strength in
response to strong shaking. Liquefaction effects may occur along the shorelines of the ocean,
rivers, and lakes and they can also happen in low-lying areas away from water bodies in
locations where the ground water is near the earth’s surface.
• Tsunamis can be formed as a result of undersea earthquakes of the Orange County coastline
when huge amounts of energy are released as a result of quick, upward bottom movement. A
wave is formed when huge volumes of ocean water are pushed upward. A large earthquake
can lift large portions of the seafloor, which will cause the formation of huge waves.
Impact of Earthquakes in the City
Based on the risk assessment, it is evident that earthquakes will continue to have potentially
devastating economic impacts to the City. Impacts that are not quantified, but can be anticipated
in future events, include:
✓ Injury and loss of life
✓ Commercial and residential structural damage
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✓ Disruption of and damage to public infrastructure
✓ Secondary health hazards e.g. mold and mildew
✓ Damage to roads/bridges resulting in loss of mobility
✓ Significant economic impact (jobs, sales, tax revenue) upon the community
✓ Negative impact on commercial and residential property values
✓ Significant disruption to citizens as temporary facilities and relocations would likely be
needed
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Flood Hazards
Hazard Definition
A floodplain is a land area adjacent to a river, stream, lake, estuary, or other water body that is
subject to flooding. This area, if left undisturbed, acts to store excess flood water. The floodplain
is made up of two sections: the floodway and the flood fringe. The 100-year flooding event is the
flood having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in magnitude in any given year.
Contrary to popular belief, it is not a flood occurring once every 100 years. The 100-year
floodplain is the area adjoining a river, stream, or watercourse covered by water in the event of a
100-year flood. Schematic: Floodplain and Floodway shows the relationship of the floodplain and
the floodway.
Figure: Floodplain and Floodway
(Source: FEMA How-To-Guide Assessing Hazards)
Types of Flooding
Two types of flooding primarily affect the region: slow-rise or flash flooding. Slow-rise floods may
be preceded by a warning period of hours or days. Evacuation and sandbagging for slow-rise
floods have often effectively lessened flood related damage. Conversely, flash floods are most
difficult to prepare for, due to extremely limited, if any, advance warning and preparation time.
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2a.
Q: Does the plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Occurrences of Flooding in the City below.
Previous Occurrences of Flooding in the City
According to the NOAA Storm Events Database, the most recent flooding event to occur within
the City was on December 6, 2018. A moisture plume with a weak atmospheric river arrived on
December 5th and brought rain to the region. On December 6th, a strong closed upper level low
pressure brought an unstable air mass into Southern California with showers and thunderstorms,
especially Orange and San Diego Counties. Rainfall of 1
inch per hour amounts occurred in Costa Mesa as well as
adjacent cities. The main storm system on December 6th
brought widespread rain to the entire region. All
mountains and the coast and valleys areas received 1-3
inches and some spots receiving over 4 of rainfall over
higher terrain. The most significant mud and debris flows
occurred at recent Holy burn scar areas, and many reports
of flash flooding across the region. Snow fell as low as
4000 feet with mountains receiving 1 to 4 inches of snow.
John Wayne Airport reported 2.56 inches of rainfall in
about 2 hours on December 6th. This is a 1 in 100 year
return interval. Cars in nearby Costa Mesa were seen
completely submerged or stalled in deep water up to the
windows.
Orange County has experienced the following flood events
since 2018:
Table: Flooding and Flash Flooding Events in Orange County
Source: NOAA Storm Events Database:
Date Location
04/06/2020 Peralta Hills
04/06/2020 Costa Mesa
04/06/2020 Los Alamitos
04/06/2020 Cypress
11/28/2019 Huntington Beach
11/19/2019 San Clemente
05/22/2019 Fullerton
03/06/2019 Freeway
02/13/2019 Laguna Beach
02/04/2019 Arcilla
01/15/2019 Seal Beach
12/06/2018 San Clemente
12/06/2018 Esperanza
12/06/2018 Anaheim
12/06/2018 Santa Ana
01/09/2018 San Clemente
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According to the Santa Ana River Vision Plan (2006), the Santa Ana River experienced flooding
most recently in 1969, when flooding along the watershed caused damage to nearby tributaries.
After this incident, the Santa Ana River was considered the greatest flood threat west of the
Mississippi, which prompted the installation of the concrete lining in the river channel.
Table: Santa Ana River Flood History
(Source: History of the Santa Ana River, Santa Ana Website)
Date Description
1969 Flooding along the Watershed, damaged nearby tributaries
1938 Flash flood, 19 deaths, 2,000 homeless, 68,400 acres flooded
Photo: January 12, 2017 Flooding at Bristol and 17th Street
(Source: 2018 Storm Drain Master Plan)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1a.
Q: Does the plan include a general description of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Local Conditions
According to the Orange County General Plan (2013), Orange County’s geography and climate
increase its susceptibility to flooding. Commonly, where a broad alluvial plain exists, such as the
one created by the Santa Ana River, there has been and is a continual expansion of urban
development.
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According to the Vulnerability Assessment Report (2020), flooding can cause significant harm to
buildings, people, and infrastructure. Floodwater can be deep enough to drown people and may
move fast enough to carry people or heavy objects (such as cars) away. Flooding can be caused
by heavy rainfall or long periods of moderate rainfall, or clogged drains during periods of rainfall.
In rare instances, a break in a dam, water pipe, or water tank can also cause flooding.
Additionally, heavy periods of rainfall can stress levee systems, and overtopping can lead to
catastrophic flooding. Storm drainage systems throughout the city collect stormwater runoff and
convey water to prevent flooding, although these systems are typically designed based on winter
storms recorded in the past and may not be designed to accommodate more intense storms. The
levee system along the Santa Ana River is designed for a 190-year flood and may also not be
able to accommodate a more intense storm or heavy rainfall over a short period of time. Scientists
project that climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of floods within Santa Ana,
although total annual precipitation levels are not expected to change very much.
The northern, southern, and western portions of Santa Ana are within the 100-year or 500-year
flood zone, or an area with reduced flood risk due to a levee. The portion of Santa Ana east of
Broadway is outside of the flood zone. Due to a projected increase in frequency and intensity of
rainstorms, flooding could occur more frequently, leaving major roadways and highways, bridges,
and railroads highly vulnerable to damage. While parks and open space can absorb stormwater,
park facilities such as restrooms and pedestrian paths can be damaged by floodwaters, rendering
the parks unusable. Other buildings east of Main Street are also vulnerable to flooding, including
commercial buildings in Downtown Santa Ana, industrial buildings in western Santa Ana near the
Santa Ana River, and over half of school buildings, including the Santa Ana Community College.
Many of the community services are also highly vulnerable to flooding, such as wastewater
services that can back up due to an increase in wet weather flow and roadways that can become
impassable from flood waters, disrupting public transit services, emergency medical response,
and public safety response. Disruption of these services could be detrimental to both residents
and businesses. Community services, such as emergency medical response, are highly
vulnerable to human health hazards, such as vector-borne diseases, that can overwhelm and
create shortages of facilities, equipment, pharmaceuticals, and personnel if health care workers
become sick or if supply chains are disrupted.
Santa Ana River and Santiago Creek
According to the Public Safety Element of Santa Ana’s General Plan (2010), the City has two
major drainage courses with potential for significant flooding: Santiago Creek and the Santa Ana
River. The Santa Ana River, with its normally dry riverbed and broad engineered channel and
armored levees, does not appear to present a significant flood hazard. However, the Santa Ana
River has a long history of overflowing its banks and flooding in the surrounding areas. Another
reference document concerning flooding is the Santa Ana Storm Drain Master Drain (2018) which
is referenced in the Mitigation Actions Matrix.
To reduce this risk, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is constructing the $2.2 billion
Santa Ana River Mainstem Project which includes raising the height of Prado Dam and
constructing new gate-works allowing for controlled water releases up to 30,000 cubic feet per
second and constructing channel improvements between Prado Dam and the ocean. Given the
progress to date, the Corps’ project provides 100-year flood protection for Orange County. When
completed, the project is designed to provide 190-year level protection from flooding due to the
Santa Ana River. Located in Riverside County at the head of Santa Ana Canyon, Prado Dam is
a single purpose dam designed to reduce the flood risk for metropolitan area in Orange County.
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Map: HAZUS Flood Results – 100 Year Flood Scenario
(Source: HAZUS - Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Map: HAZUS Flood Results – 500 Year Flood Scenario
(Source: HAZUS - Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Map: Flood Hazard Severity Zone Map Determined by FEMA
(Source: Santa Ana General Plan, 2020)
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Map: Flood Zones for City of Santa Ana
(Source: Cal OES MyHazards)
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Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C2
Q: Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP
requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See NFIP Participation below.
National Flood Insurance Program
The City participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Created by Congress in
1968, the NFIP makes flood insurance available in communities that enact minimum floodplain
management rules consistent with the Code of Federal Regulations §60.3. According to FEMA,
the City is located within flood Zones X, A, AE, AH, and AO.
Definitions of FEMA Flood Zone Designations
Flood zones are geographic areas that the FEMA has defined according to varying levels of flood
risk. These zones are depicted on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) or Flood
Hazard Boundary Maps as shown in Map: Flood Hazard Severity Zone Map Determined by FEMA
above. Each zone reflects the severity or type of flooding in the area.
Moderate to Low Risk Areas
In communities that participate in the NFIP, flood insurance is available to all property owners and
renters in these zones:
ZONE DESCRIPTION
B and X (shaded)
Area of moderate flood hazard, usually the area between the limits of the 100-year and 500-year floods.
B Zones are also used to designate base floodplains of lesser hazards, such as areas protected by
levees from 100-year flood, or shallow flooding areas with average depths of less than one foot or
drainage areas less than 1 square mile.
C and X
(unshaded)
Area of minimal flood hazard usually depicted on FIRMs as above the 500-year flood level. Zone C may
have ponding and local drainage problems that don't warrant a detailed study or designation as base
floodplain. Zone X is the area determined to be outside the 500-year flood and protected by levee from
100-year flood.
High Risk Areas
In communities that participate in the NFIP, mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements
apply to all of these zones:
ZONE DESCRIPTION
A
Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding and a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year
mortgage. Because detailed analyses are not performed for such areas; no depths or base flood
elevations are shown within these zones.
AE The base floodplain where base flood elevations are provided. AE Zones are now used on new format
FIRMs instead of A1-A30 Zones.
A1-30 These are known as numbered A Zones (e.g., A7 or A14). This is the base floodplain where the FIRM
shows a BFE (old format).
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ZONE DESCRIPTION
AH
Areas with a 1% annual chance of shallow flooding, usually in the form of a pond, with an average depth
ranging from 1 to 3 feet. These areas have a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30 -year mortgage.
Base flood elevations derived from detailed analyses are shown at selected intervals within these zones.
AO
River or stream flood hazard areas, and areas with a 1% or greater chance of shallow flooding each year,
usually in the form of sheet flow, with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. These areas have a 26%
chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year mortgage. Average flood depths derived from detailed
analyses are shown within these zones.
AR
Areas with a temporarily increased flood risk due to the building or restoration of a flood control system
(such as a levee or a dam). Mandatory flood insurance purchase requirements will apply, but rates will not
exceed the rates for unnumbered A zones if the structure is built or restored in compliance with Zone AR
floodplain management regulations.
A99
Areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding that will be protected by a Federal flood control system where
construction has reached specified legal requirements. No depths or base flood elevations are shown
within these zones.
Undetermined Risk Areas
ZONE DESCRIPTION
D Areas with possible but undetermined flood hazards. No flood hazard analysis has been conducted. Flood
insurance rates are commensurate with the uncertainty of the flood risk.
Dam Failure
Failed dams can create floods that are catastrophic to life and property as a result of the
tremendous energy of the released water. A catastrophic dam failure could easily overwhelm
local response capabilities and require mass evacuations to save lives. Dams typically are
constructed of earth, rock, concrete, or mining tailings. Two factors that influence the potential
severity of a full or partial dam failure are the amount of water impounded and the density, type,
and value of development and infrastructure located downstream.
Prado Dam and Reservoir, completed by the Corps of Engineers in 1941, are intended to provide
flood protection to the Lower Santa Ana River basin. The earthen dam and its reservoir were
designed in the 1930s to control floods of magnitudes that could be reasonably expected to occur
under anticipated future development of the watershed (typically a 200-year flood). Since Prado
Dam was built, however, changes have occurred in the drainage area. Historical data on rainfall
and runoff, coupled with advances in predicting future flood potential, have shown Prado Dam to
presently offer only 70-year flood protection. In addition, intensive urbanization within the
drainage area has occurred, further complicating this problem. Another serious concern is that
the existing Prado Dam and spillway could not accommodate a probable maximum flood, resulting
in overtopping of the dam.
\
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Map: HAZUS Flood Results – Prado Dam Flood Scenario
(Source: HAZUS - Emergency Planning Consultants)
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3a.
Q: Is there a description of each hazard’s impacts on each jurisdiction (what happens to structures,
infrastructure, people, environment, etc.)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Impact of Flooding in the City below.
Vulnerability of City to Flooding
According to the 2021 County of Orange and Orange County Fire Authority, the largest impact to
communities in a flood event is the loss of life and property to both private and public entities.
Development in the floodplains of Orange County increases the risk of extensive property
loss resulting in flooding and flood damage. The type of property damage resulting from flood
events is dependent upon the depth and velocity of the floodwaters. Fast moving floodwaters can
wash buildings off their foundations and sweep cars downstream. High waters combined with
flood debris can damage infrastructure, pipelines, and bridges.
Landslide damage related to soil saturation can cause extensive damage. Water saturation of
materials susceptible to loss (i.e., wood, insulation, wallboard, fabric, furnishings, floor coverings,
and appliances), in many cases, renders a home unlivable. Flooding impacts businesses when
damaged property interrupts operation, forcing closure for repairs, and customer access is cut
off. A community maintains economic vitality in the face of flood damage with quick response to
the needs of businesses affected by the flood. Response to business damages can include
funding to assist owners in elevating or relocating flood-prone business structures.
Impact of Flooding in the City
Floods and their impacts vary by location and severity of any given flood event, and likely only
affect certain areas of the region during specific times. Based on the risk assessment, it is evident
that floods will continue to have potentially devastating economic impacts to the City. Impacts
that are not quantified, but anticipated in future events include:
✓ Injury and loss of life
✓ Commercial and residential structural damage
✓ Disruption of and damage to public infrastructure
✓ Secondary health hazards e.g. mold and mildew
✓ Damage to roads/bridges resulting in loss of mobility
✓ Significant economic impact (jobs, sales, tax revenue) upon the community
✓ Negative impact on commercial and residential property values
✓ Significant disruption to citizens as temporary facilities and relocations would likely be
needed
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Climate Change Hazards
Hazard Definition
“Climate change” refers to seasonal changes over a long period of time. It is generally perceived
in the emergency management profession that climate change will have a measurable impact on
the occurrence and severity of natural hazards around the world. Changes could include:
• Sea ice and snow cover losses will continue, and declining snowpack will affect snow-
dependent water supplies and stream flow levels around the world.
• Sea level is projected to rise 7 to 23 inches during the 21st century due to melting snow
and ice on land and thermal expansion of ocean waters.
• The risk of drought and the frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves are
expected to increase.
• More extreme precipitation is likely, increasing the risk of flooding; if the world’s average
temperature warms only an additional 2.7ºF to 4.5ºF above pre-industrial levels, an
estimated 20 to 30 percent of known plant and animal species would be at increasingly
high risk of extinction.
Climate change will affect communities in a variety of ways. Impacts could include an increased
risk for extreme events such as drought, storms, flooding, forest fires; more heat-related stress;
the spread of existing or new vector-born disease into a community; and increased erosion and
inundation of low-lying areas along coastlines.
According to the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018), climate change is already
affecting California. Sea levels have risen by as much as seven inches along the California coast
over the last century, increasing erosion and pressure on the state’s infrastructure, water supplies,
and natural resources. The State has also seen increased average temperatures, more extreme
hot days, fewer cold nights, a lengthening of the growing season, shifts in the water cycle with
less winter precipitation falling as snow, and both snowmelt and rainwater running off sooner in
the year. In addition to changes in average temperatures, sea level, and precipitation patterns,
the intensity of extreme weather events is also changing.
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2a.
Q: Does the plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Occurrences of Climate Change in the City below.
Previous Occurrences of Climate Change in the City
The City has expereinced gradual Climate Change, with
warmer temperatures increasing over the past century.
According to California’s Fourth Climate Change
Assessment (2018), observations over the past century
indicate that temperature has increased across southern
California. Based on 1896-2015 temperature records for
the California South Coast NOAA Climate Division,
which encompasses the LA region (which includes
Orange County), researchers found significant trends in
annual average, maximum, and minimum temperature
around 0.16°C per decade. Every month has
experienced significant positive trends in monthly
average, maximum, and minimum temperature. Monthly average and minimum temperatures
have increased the most in September and monthly maximum temperatures have increased the
most in January, with each trend exceeding 0.2°C per decade. Recently, the California South
Coast Climate Division has experienced sustained record warmth. The top 5 warmest years in
terms of annual average temperature have all occurred since 2012: 2014 was the warmest,
followed by 2015, 2017, 2016, and 2012.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1a.
Q: Does the plan include a general description of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Local Conditions (Sub-Hazards): Extreme Heat, Drought
In recognition of the priorities mentioned above, the Planning Team identified drought and
extreme heat as “sub-hazards” of climate change. As such, hazard profiles have been prepared
for each and hazard mitigation action items included in the Mitigation Strategy.
Extreme Heat
According to the Vulnerability Assessment Report of the General Plan (2020), extreme heat
occurs when temperatures rise significantly above normal levels. In Santa Ana, an extreme heat
day occurs when temperatures reach above 96.3 degrees Fahrenheit. As shown in the Figure
below, the projected number of extreme heat days in Santa Ana is projected to increase to an
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average of 11 extreme heat days per year by mid-century and an average of 25 extreme heat
days per year by end of century.
Figure: Projected Extreme Heat Days in Santa Ana
(Source: Vulnerability Assessment Report for the General Plan Update, 2020)
Extreme heat can also occur in the form of warmer nights, as temperatures do not cool down
overnight and provide relief from the heat. In Santa Ana, a warm night occurs when the
temperature remains above 68.3 degrees Fahrenheit. As shown in the Figure below, the
projected number of warm nights in Santa Ana is projected to increase to an average of 39 warm
nights per year by mid-century and an average of 87 warm nights per year by the end of the
century.
Figure: Projected Warm Nights in Santa Ana
(Source: Vulnerability Assessment Report for the General Plan Update, 2020)
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Figure: NOAA’s National Weather Service Heat Index
(Source: NOAA National Weather Service, 2016)
Figure: Observed U.S. Temperature Change
Source: Source: Melillo, et al., 2014
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According to CDC’s Extreme heat causes more deaths than any other weather-related hazard—
more than hurricanes, tornadoes, or flooding. In addition, thousands of people who are exposed
to extreme heat seek medical treatment each year. In fact, each - summer more than 65,000
Americans on average visit an emergency room for acute heat illness.
Figure: Fatalities by Hazard, 2006–2015
Source: NOAA National Weather Service, 2016
Drought
Previous Occurrences
According to the City’s Public Works Department website, throughout California's history there
have been periods of low rainfall and even drought. However, the 2015 drought was referred to
at the time as the worst in our state's history. The severity of the five-year drought put us in a
state of emergency and Governor Brown asked for a voluntary 20% reduction in water use
statewide. That same year, the City of Santa Ana adopted a strategic plan, which—among other
important initiatives— focused on completing the City's Climate Action Plan with measures to
address water conservation, energy efficient buildings (city and community) and greenhouse gas
emissions. Creating awareness for and educating the community about water conservation is an
important component of the plan.
Drought conditions looked even more dire in 2015. The close of our official rainy season, which
provides California with 90% of its water, was marked with record high temperatures and record
low rainfall. Reservoirs were low. Landscapes were parched. And the Sierra Nevada snowpack,
which usually supplies 30% of the state's water as it melts through early summer, was at its
second-lowest level on record. It was no surprise, then, that Governor Brown issued an Executive
Order on April 1, 2015 that called for the first-ever statewide mandatory water reduction to slash
water use by 25% (compared to 2013 levels) and increase enforcement to prevent wasteful water
use. As a result, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) adopted an expanded
emergency regulation and has imposed a new round of water conservation rules, including sharp
restrictions on landscape watering as well as orders to restaurants not to serve water to customers
unless asked.
Since Santa Ana had already reduced its water consumption by 13% since 2013, the City called
for a mandatory 12% reduction in water use and issued emergency conservation requirements
for all water users to comply with state regulations and local ordinances. On March 28, 2022,
Governor Newsom urged water agencies to "take more aggressive actions" and increase
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enforcement to prevent wasteful water use. In response, the State Water Resources Control
Board (SWRCB) adopted regulation requiring water suppliers to implement conservation actions
under Level 2 of their Water Conservation Contingency Plans by June 10, 2022. Currently, there
is no water supply emergency for Santa Ana, however the City Council supports the actions
necessary to comply with the State’s requirements. As such, Santa Ana residents and businesses
were asked to reduce water usage by following water conservation practices inside and outside
the home, and for businesses to improve their water use processes. Santa Ana’s reduction
actions for a Level 2 Water Supply Conservation, recently implemented by City Council resolution,
limits outdoor watering to two days a week and only between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. It
also reduces the time to repair leaks to within 48 hours of notification by the City. These new
requirements were effective on June 7, 2022.
Local Conditions
It’s impossible to separate drought from water supply shortages. Drought is defined as a
deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more. This
deficiency results in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector. Drought
should be considered relative to some long-term average condition of balance between
precipitation and evapotranspiration (i.e., evaporation + transpiration) in a particular area, a
condition often perceived as "normal". It is also related to the timing (e.g., principal season of
occurrence, delays in the start of the rainy season, occurrence of rains in relation to principal crop
growth stages) and the effectiveness of the rains (e.g., rainfall intensity, number of rainfall events).
Other climatic factors such as high temperature, high wind, and low relative humidity are often
associated with it in many regions of the world and can significantly aggravate its severity.
Drought should not be viewed as merely a physical phenomenon or natural event. Its impacts on
society result from the interplay between a natural event (less precipitation than expected
resulting from natural climatic variability) and the demand people place on water supply. Human
beings often exacerbate the impact of drought. Recent droughts in both developing and
developed countries and the resulting economic and environmental impacts and personal
hardships have underscored the vulnerability of all societies to this natural hazard.
One dry year does not normally constitute a drought in California but serves as a reminder of the
need to plan for droughts. California's extensive system of water supply infrastructure — its
reservoirs, groundwater basins, and inter-regional conveyance facilities — mitigates the effect of
short-term dry periods for most water users. Defining when a drought begins is a function of
drought impacts to water users. Hydrologic conditions constituting a drought for water users in
one location may not constitute a drought for water users elsewhere, or for water users having a
different water supply. Individual water suppliers may use criteria such as rainfall/runoff, amount
of water in storage, or expected supply from a water wholesaler to define their water supply
conditions.
Drought is a gradual phenomenon. Although droughts are sometimes characterized as
emergencies, they differ from typical emergency events. Most natural disasters, such as floods
or forest fires, occur relatively rapidly and afford little time for preparing for d isaster response.
Droughts occur slowly, over a multiyear period. There is no universal definition of when a drought
begins or ends. Impacts of drought are typically felt first by those most reliant on annual rainfall -
- ranchers engaged in dry land grazing, rural residents relying on wells in low-yield rock
formations, or small water systems lacking a reliable source. Criteria used to identify statewide
drought conditions do not address these localized impacts. Drought impacts increase with the
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length of a drought, as carry-over supplies in reservoirs are depleted and water levels in
groundwater basins decline.
There are four different ways that drought can be defined:
o Meteorological - a measure of departure of precipitation from normal. Due to climatic
differences what is considered a drought in one location may not be a drought in another location.
o Agricultural - refers to a situation when the amount of moisture in the soil no longer meets
the needs of a particular crop.
o Hydrological - occurs when surface and subsurface water supplies are below normal.
o Socioeconomic - refers to the situation that occurs when physical water shortage begins
to affect people.
According to the Vulnerability Assessment Report in the 2020 General Plan, a drought’s severity
depends on numerous factors, including duration, intensity, and geographic extent, as well as
regional water supply demands by humans and vegetation. Due to its multi-dimensional nature,
drought is difficult to define in exact terms and poses difficulties in terms of comprehensive risk
assessments.
Drought differs from other natural hazards in three ways. First, the onset and end of a drought
are difficult to determine due to the slow accumulation and lingering of effects of an event after its
apparent end. Second, the lack of an exact and universally accepted definition adds to the
confusion of its existence and severity. Third, in contrast with other natural hazards, the impact
of drought is less obvious and may be spread over a larger geographic area. These
characteristics have hindered the preparation of drought contingency or mitigation plans by many
governments.
Climate scientists predict that in the future southern California will get drier and northern California
will get hotter. The resulting loss of snowpack in the Sierra Nevada will mean less water for all
Californians – farmers, residents, utilities, and even hatchery fish. However, while drought cannot
be controlled, according to the USGS, drought can be managed in two ways: through drought
planning and in helping communities make the best day-to-day management decisions while the
drought is taking place. During the drafting of this plan update, the Governor of California signed
an executive order directing specific State agencies to develop a Water Resilience Portfolio to
“ensure safe and dependable water supplies, flood protection and healthy waterways for the
state’s communities, economy and environment.”
The U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook below shows the Metro Service Area as well as California as
a whole is no longer in danger from the impacts of drought:
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Figure: U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook - 2019
(Source: NOAA)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3a.
Q: Is there a description of each hazard’s impacts on each jurisdiction (what happens to structures,
infrastructure, people, environment, etc.)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Impact of Climate Change in the City below.
Vulnerability of the City to Climate Change
According to the 2021 County of Orange and Orange County Fire Authority, climate change has
the possibility of producing impacts that span many sectors of the economy and reaches well
beyond the areas experiencing physical sea level rise or long-term temperature rise. The
impacts would be complex and can be direct or indirect. A few examples of direct impacts are
productivity from agriculture could decrease; wildfire hazard could increase; drinking water
levels could decrease; wildlife mortality rates and damage to wildlife and fish habitat could
increase. The consequences of these impacts may result in reduced income for businesses,
increased prices for food and resources, unemployment, reduced tax revenues due to reduced
expenditures, increased crime, foreclosures on bank loans to businesses, and migration. The
web of impacts would be complex making it challenging to come up with financial estimates of
damages. The impacts of climate change can be categorized as economic, environmental, or
social.
Social impacts involve public safety, health, reduced quality of life, and inequities in the
distribution of impacts and disaster relief. Many of the impacts specified as economic and
environmental have social components as well. We could see migration out of the coastal
areas where increasing pressure on the social infrastructure could result. Municipalities will
have to make decisions about which critical assets to protect, relocate, or remove and
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what is economically feasible. It will be challenging to achieve multiple goals such as protection
of critical infrastructure, sustained coastal recreation, and ecosystem protection. Agencies need
to recognize there could be conflicts and develop priorities while working with the regulatory
agencies.
Impact of Climate Change in the City
Based on the risk assessment, it is evident that climate change will continue to have potentially
devastating economic impacts to the City. Impacts that are not quantified, but can be anticipated
in future events, include:
✓ Injury and loss of life
✓ Commercial and residential structural damage
✓ Disruption of and damage to public infrastructure
✓ Secondary health hazards (e.g., mold and mildew)
✓ Damage to roads/bridges resulting in loss of mobility
✓ Significant economic impact (jobs, sales, tax revenue) upon the community
✓ Negative impact on commercial and residential property values
✓ Significant disruption citizens as temporary facilities and relocations would likely be
needed
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Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Disease
Hazards
Hazard Definition
According to the California State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018), the California Department of
Public Health has identified epidemics, pandemics, and vector-borne diseases as specific
hazards that would have a significant impact throughout the State.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), an epidemic refers to an increase, often
sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population
area. A pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents,
usually affecting a large number of people. Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused
by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors – living organisms that can
transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from animals to humans.
Seasonal Influenza
Seasonal influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that attacks the respiratory system (nose,
throat, and lungs) in humans. Seasonal influenza occurs every year. In the U.S., the influenza
season typically occurs from October through May, peaking in January or February with yearly
epidemics of varying severity. Although mild cases may be similar to a viral “cold,” influenza is
typically much more severe. Influenza usually comes on suddenly; may include fever, headache,
tiredness (which may be extreme), dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches; and
can result in complications such as pneumonia. Persons aged 65 and older, those with chronic
health conditions, pregnant women, and young children are at the highest risk for serious
complications, including death.
Pandemic Influenza
A pandemic influenza occurs when a new influenza virus, for which there is little or no human
immunity, emerges and spreads on a worldwide scale, infecting a large proportion of the human
population. The most notable pandemic influenza outbreaks have been the 1918 Spanish Flu
that was responsible for 20 million to 40 million deaths throughout the world. Also, H1N1 in 2009,
popularly referred to as the Swine Flu, resulted in many hospitalizations and deaths. Pandemic
H1N1 influenza was spread in the same way as seasonal influenza, from person to person
through coughing or sneezing by infected people. In April 2009, two kids living more than 100
miles apart in Southern California came down with the flu. By mid-April, their illnesses had been
diagnosed as being caused by a new strain of H1N1 influenza. Persons infected with H1N1
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experienced fever and mild respiratory symptoms, such as coughing, runny nose, and congestion.
In some cases, symptoms were severe and included diarrhea, chills, and vomiting, and in rare
cases respiratory failure occurred. The H1N1 virus caused relatively few deaths in humans. In
the United States, for example, it caused fewer deaths (between 8,870 and 18,300) than seasonal
influenza, which, based on data for the years 2014–2019, causes an average of about 40,000
deaths each year. The H1N1 virus was most lethal in individuals affected by chronic disease or
other underlying health conditions.
As demonstrated historically and currently, pandemic influenza has the potential to cause serious
illness and death among people of all age groups and have a major impact on society. These
societal impacts include significant economic disruption that can occur due to death, loss of
employee work time, and costs of treating or preventing the spread of influenza.
Novel Coronavirus
Beginning in 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control responded to a pandemic of severe
respiratory disease spreading from person to person caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The
disease was named “Coronavirus Disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-19”). Coronaviruses are
a large family of viruses that are common in people and many different species of animals,
including camels, cattle, cats, and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can infect people and then
spread between people such as with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
According to the CDC, many of the patients at the epicenter of the outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei
Province, China had some link to a large seafood and live animal market, suggesting animal-to-
person spread. Later, a growing number of patients reportedly did not have exposure to animal
markets, indicating person-to-person spread. Person-to-person spread was subsequently
reported outside Hubei and in countries outside China, including in the United States. Most
international destinations now have ongoing community spread with the virus that causes COVID-
19, as does the United States.
On March 4, 2020, Governor Newsom proclaimed a state of emergency in the California in
response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which was followed by an executive order directing all
residents immediately to heed current State public health directives to stay home, except as
needed to maintain continuity of operations of essential critical infrastructure sectors. As of March
9, 2021, 80% of the state was still considered widespread risk, with many non-essential indoor
business operations closed.
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Figure: Current Tier Assignments as of March 9, 2021
(Source: California State Government Website)
Avian Influenza
According to the CDC, although avian influenza A viruses usually do not infect people, rare cases
of human infection with these viruses have been reported. Infected birds shed avian influenza
virus in their saliva, mucous and feces. Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when
enough virus gets into a person’s eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. This can happen when virus
is in the air (in droplets or possibly dust) and a person breathes it in, or when a person touches
something that has virus on it then touches their mouth, eyes or nose. Rare human infections
with some avian viruses have occurred most often after unprotected contact with infected birds
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or surfaces contaminated with avian influenza viruses. However, some infections have been
identified where direct contact was not known to have occurred. Illness in people has ranged from
mild to severe.
The spread of avian influenza A viruses from one ill person to another has been reported very
rarely, and when it has been reported it has been limited, inefficient and not sustained. However,
because of the possibility that avian influenza A viruses could change and gain the ability to
spread easily between people, monitoring for human infection and person-to-person spread is
extremely important for public health.
Vector-Borne Diseases
Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by
parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by
vectors. Every year there are more than 700,000 deaths
from diseases such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis,
human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas
disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and
onchocerciasis. Vectors are living organisms that can
transmit infectious pathogens between humans, or from
animals to humans. Many of these vectors are
bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing
microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host
(human or animal) and later transmit it into a new host, after the pathogen has replicated. Often,
once a vector becomes infectious, they can transmit the pathogen for the rest of their life during
each subsequent bite/blood meal.
Mosquito-Borne Viruses
Mosquito‐borne viruses belong to a group of viruses commonly referred to as arboviruses (for
arthropod‐borne). Although 12 mosquito‐borne viruses are known to occur in California, only
West Nile virus (WNV), western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE), and St. Louis encephalitis
virus (SLE) are significant causes of human disease. WNV continues to seriously affect the health
of humans, horses, and wild birds throughout the state. Since 2003, there have been over 6,000
WNV human cases with 248 deaths, and over 1,200 equine cases.
WNV first appeared in the United States in 1999 in New York and rapidly spread across the
country to California in subsequent years. California has historically maintained a comprehensive
mosquito‐borne disease surveillance and control program including the Mosquito-borne Virus
Surveillance and Response Plan, which is updated annually in consultation with local vector
control agencies.
Climate change will likely affect vector-borne disease transmission patterns. Changes in
temperature and precipitation can influence seasonality, distribution, and prevalence of vector-
borne diseases. A changing climate may also create conditions favorable for the establishment
of invasive mosquito vectors in California.
For most Californians, WNV poses the greatest mosquito-borne disease threat. Above-normal
temperatures are among the most consistent factors associated with WNV outbreaks. Mild
winters are associated with increased WNV transmission due, in part, to less mosquito and
resident bird mortality. Warmer winter and spring seasons may also allow for transmission to
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start earlier. Such conditions also allow more time for virus amplification in bird-mosquito cycles,
increasing the potential for mosquitoes to transmit WNV to people.
The effects of increased temperature are primarily through acceleration of physiological
processes within mosquitoes, resulting in faster larval development and shorter generation times,
more frequent mosquito biting, and shortening of the incubation period time required for infected
mosquitoes to transmit WNV. During periods of drought, especially in urban areas, mosquitoes
tend to thrive more due to changes in stormwater management practices. Mosquitoes in urban
areas can reach higher abundance due to stagnation of water in underground stormwater systems
that would otherwise be flushed by rainfall. Runoff from landscape irrigation systems mixed with
organic matter can also create ideal mosquito habitat. Drought conditions may also force birds
to increase their utilization of suburban areas where water is more available, bringing these WNV
hosts into contact with urban vectors.
Map: West Nile Virus Activity in California Counties
(Source: California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018)
Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (a corkscrew-shaped bacteria) called Borrelia burgdorferi
and is transmitted by the Western black-legged tick. Lyme disease was first described in North
America in the 1970s in Lyme, Connecticut, the town for which it was then named. Though the
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tick has been reported from 56 of the 58 counties in California, the highest incidence of disease
occurs in the northwest coastal counties and northern Sierra Nevada counties with western-facing
slopes. Ticks prefer cool, moist areas and can be found in wild grasses and low vegetation in
both urban and rural areas.
The map below shows Western black-legged tick and Lyme disease incidence in California. The
Western black-legged tick is commonly found in all green areas shown on the map; dark green
areas on the map show where reported Lyme disease cases most often had exposure.
Map: Tick and Lyme Disease Incidence in California
(Source: California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018)
Valley Fever
Valley Fever is caused by Coccidioides, a fungus that lives in the soil in the southwestern United
States and parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. Inhaling the airborne fungal
spores can cause an infection called coccidioidomycosis, which is also known as “cocci” or “Valley
Fever.”
Most people who are exposed to the fungus do not get sick, but some people develop flu‐like
symptoms that may last for weeks to months. In a very small proportion of people who get Valley
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Fever, the infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body and cause more severe
conditions, such as meningitis or even death. Valley Fever cannot spread from person to person.
Most cases of Valley Fever in the U.S. occur in people who live in or have traveled to the
southwestern United States, especially Arizona and California. The map below shows the areas
where the fungus that causes Valley Fever is thought to be endemic, or native and common in
the environment. The full extent of the current endemic areas is unknown and is a subject for
further study.
Map: Valley Fever Average Annual Rates by California County
(Source: California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018)
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B2a.
Q: Does the plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events for each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Previous Occurrences of Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Disease below.
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Previous Occurrences of Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Disease
The City lies within Orange County, which has been affected by Vector Borne diseases. The
table below shows the County’s history:
Table: Reportable Diseases and Conditions, 2015-2019
(Source: Orange County Health Care Agency)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Lyme Disease 0 0 0 0 0
West Nile Infections 97 36 38 13 7
Zika Virus Infections 0 30 12 1 2
Influenza - 2, 718 8, 278 - -
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B1a.
Q: Does the plan include a general description of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Local Conditions below.
Local Conditions
Currently, COVID-19 is devastating the the City of Santa Ana, as well as Orange County. As of
February 26, 2021, the City had 43,914 cases, compared to the County’s 245,983 cases,
displayed in the graphic below.
Graphic: COVID-19 Count Update
(Source: Santa Ana website)
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3a.
Q: Is there a description of each hazard’s impacts on each jurisdiction (what happens to structures,
infrastructure, people, environment, etc.)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See Impact of Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases in the City below.
Vulnerability of City to Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases
Epidemic/Pandemic
According to the 2021 County of Orange and Orange County Fire Authority Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, major impacts of severe influenza seasons include increase in diversion hours
at local emergency rooms, increase in hospital admissions in persons with underlying health
conditions, and death occurring amongst individuals under the age of 65. Maintaining an active
surveillance allows public health to make timely recommendations to intervene on the
widespread transmission of influenza. An influenza pandemic would place a great strain on
existing health care resources and may exceed available resources. Personnel, supplies,
equipment, and pharmaceutical responses (e.g., vaccination and antivirals) may be in short
supply and/or unavailable. If transportation is compromised in the region or country, food and
other essentials may be unavailable as well. Outbreaks are expected to occur simultaneously
throughout much of the County and the State, which may limit the availability of mutual aid
assistance and resources from other areas.
Impact of Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases in City
Based on the risk assessment, it is evident that Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector-Borne Diseases will
continue to have potentially devastating economic impacts to the City. Impacts that are not
quantified, but can be anticipated in future events, include:
✓ Injury and loss of life
✓ Disruption of public infrastructure
✓ Disruption of the educational process
✓ Significant economic impact (jobs, sales, tax revenue) upon the community
✓ Negative impact on commercial and residential property values
✓ Closure of businesses and public services
✓ Reduction of transportation services
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PART III: MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4a.
Q: Does the plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects to
reduce the impacts from hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Strategies below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4c.
Q: Do the identified mitigation actions and projects have an emphasis on new and existing buildings and
infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Strategies below.
Mitigation Strategies
Overview of Mitigation Strategy
As the cost of damage from disasters continues to increase nationwide, the City of Santa Ana
recognizes the importance of identifying effective ways to reduce vulnerability to disasters.
Mitigation Plans assist communities in reducing risk from natural hazards by identifying resources,
information and strategies for risk reduction, while helping to guide and coordinate mitigation
activities at City facilities.
The plan provides a set of action items to reduce risk from hazards through education and
outreach programs, and to foster the development of partnerships. Further, the plan provides for
the implementation of preventative activities.
The resources and information within the Mitigation Plan:
1. Establish a basis for coordination and collaboration among agencies and the public in the
City
2. Identify and prioritize future mitigation projects; and
3. Assist in meeting the requirements of federal assistance programs
The Mitigation Plan is integrated with other plans including the City’s General Plan as well as
department-specific standard operating procedures.
Mitigation Measure Categories
Following is FEMA’s list of mitigation categories. The activities identified by the Planning Team
are consistent with the six broad categories of mitigation actions outlined in FEMA publication
386-3 Developing the Mitigation Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementing Strategies.
✓ Prevention: Government administrative or regulatory actions or processes that
influence the way land and buildings are developed and built. These actions also
include public activities to reduce hazard losses. Examples include planning and
zoning, building codes, capital improvement programs, open space preservation, and
storm water management regulations.
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✓ Property Protection: Actions that involve modification of existing buildings or structures
to protect them from a hazard, or removal from the hazard area. Examples include
acquisition, elevation, relocation, structural retrofits, storm shutters, and shatter-
resistant glass.
✓ Public Education and Awareness: Actions to inform and educate citizens, property
owners, and elected officials about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them.
Such actions include outreach projects, real estate disclosure, hazard information
centers, and school-age and adult education programs.
✓ Natural Resource Protection: Actions that, in addition to minimizing hazard losses
preserve or restore the functions of natural systems. Examples include sediment and
erosion control, stream corridor restoration, watershed management, forest and
vegetation management, and wetland restoration and preservation.
✓ Emergency Services: Actions that protect people and property during and immediately
following a disaster or hazard event. Services include warning systems, emergency
response services, and protection of critical facilities.
✓ Structural Projects: Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the
impact of a hazard. Such structures include dams, levees, floodwalls, retaining walls,
and safe rooms.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C3
Q: Does the plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i))
A: See Goals below.
Goals
The Planning Team considered the goals identified in the 2005 HMP and decided to keep the
same goals.
Each goal is supported by mitigation action items. The Planning Team developed these action
items through its knowledge of the local area, risk assessment, review of past efforts, identification
of mitigation activities, and qualitative analysis.
The five mitigation goals and descriptions are listed below.
Protect Life and Property
Implement activities that assist in protecting lives by making homes, businesses, infrastructure,
critical facilities, and other property more resistant to losses from natural, human-caused, and
technological hazards.
Improve hazard assessment information to make recommendations for avoiding new
development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing
development in areas vulnerable to natural, human-caused, and technological hazards.
Increase Public Awareness
Develop and implement education and outreach programs to increase public awareness of the
risks associated with natural, human-caused, and technological hazards.
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Provide information on tools; partnership opportunities, and funding resources to assist in
implementing mitigation activities.
Protect Natural Systems
Support management and land use planning practices with hazard mitigation to protect life.
Preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance natural systems to serve hazard mitigation functions.
Promote Partnerships and Implementation
Strengthen communication and coordinate participation with public agencies, non-profit
organizations, business, and industry to support implementation.
Encourage leadership within the City and public organizations to prioritize and implement local
and regional hazard mitigation activities.
Enhance Emergency Services
Establish policy to ensure mitigation projects for critical facilities, services, and infrastructure.
Strengthen emergency operations by increasing collaboration and coordination among public
agencies, non-profit organizations, business, and industry.
Coordinate and integrate hazard mitigation activities where appropriate, with emergency
operations plans and procedures.
How are the Mitigation Action Items Organized?
The action items are a listing of activities in which City agencies and citizens can be engaged to
reduce risk. Each action item includes an estimate of the timeline for implementation.
The action items are organized within the following Mitigation Actions Matrix, which lists all of the
multi-hazard (actions that reduce risks for more than one specific hazard) and hazard-specific
action items included in the mitigation plan. Data collection and research and the public
participation process resulted in the development of these action items. The Matrix includes the
following information for each action item:
Funding Source
The action items can be funded through a variety of sources, possibly including the Annual
Budget, development fees, Capital Improvement Program (CIP), Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities grant (BRIC), other Grants,
private funding, and other funding opportunities.
Lead Department
The Mitigation Actions Matrix assigns primary responsibility for each of the action items. The
hierarchies of the assignments vary – from positions to departments to committees. The primary
responsibility for implementing the action items falls to the entity shown as the “Lead Department”.
The lead department is the agency with regulatory responsibility to address hazards, or that is
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willing and able to organize resources, find appropriate funding, or oversee activity
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Lead departments may include local, County, or
regional agencies that are capable of or responsible for implementing activities and programs.
Plan Goals Addressed
The plan goals addressed by each action item are included as a way to monitor and evaluate how
well the mitigation plan is achieving its goals once implementation begins.
The plan goals are organized into the following five areas:
✓ Protect Life and Property
✓ Enhance Public Awareness
✓ Preserve Natural Systems
✓ Enhance Emergency Services
✓ Promote Partnerships and Implementation
Planning Mechanism
It’s important that each action item be implemented. Perhaps
the best way to ensure implementation is through integration
with one or many of the City’s existing “planning mechanisms”
including the General Plan, Capital Improvement Program,
General Fund and Grants. Opportunities for integration will be
simple and easy in cases where the action item is already
compatible with the content of the planning mechanism. As an
example, if the action item calls for the creation of a floodplain
ordinance and the same action is already identified in the
General Plan’s policies, then the General Plan will assist in
implementation. On the contrary, if preparation of a floodplain
ordinance is not already included in the General Plan policies,
then the item will need to be added during the next update to
the General Plan. The General Plan was last updated in 2020 and was used as a reference
throughout the Mitigation Plan. The next General Plan update will likely not take place for another
10 years.
The Capital Improvement Program (CIP), depending on the budgetary environment, is updated
every 5 years. The CIP includes infrastructure projects built and owned by the City. As such, the
CIP is an excellent medium for funding and implementing action items from t he Mitigation Plan.
The Mitigation Actions Matrix includes several items from the existing CIP. The authors of the
CIP served on the Planning Team and are already looking for funding opportunities for several of
the Mitigation Plan action items.
The Storm Drain Master Plan (2018) identifies flood-related improvements for the City and is
referenced in several flood-related items on the Mitigation Actions Matrix.
The General Fund is the budget document that guides all of the City’s expenditures and is updated
on an annual basis. Although primarily a funding mechanism, it also includes descriptions and
details associated with tasks and projects.
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Grants come from a wide variety of sources – some annually and other triggered by events like
disasters. Whatever the source, the City uses the General Fund to identify successful grants as
funding sources.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4c.
Q: Do the identified mitigation actions and projects have an emphasis on new and existing buildings and
infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Building and Infrastructure below.
Building and Infrastructure
This addresses the issue of whether or not a particular action item results in the reduction of the
effects of hazards on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5a.
Q: Does the plan explain how the mitigation actions and projects will be prioritized (including cost benefit
review)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
A: See Benefit/Cost Ratings and Priority Rating below.
Benefit/Cost Ratings
The benefits of proposed projects were weighed against estimated costs as part of the project
prioritization process. The benefit/cost analysis was not of the detailed variety required by FEMA
for project grant eligibility under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Building
Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) grant programs. A less formal approach was
used because some projects may not be implemented for up to 10 years, and associated costs
and benefits could change dramatically in that time. Therefore, a review of the apparent benefits
versus the apparent cost of each project was performed. Parameters were established for
assigning subjective ratings (high, medium, and low) to the costs and benefits of these projects.
Cost ratings were defined as follows:
High: Existing jurisdictional funding will not cover the cost of the action item so other
sources of revenue would be required.
Medium: The action item could be funded through existing jurisdictional funding but would
require budget modifications.
Low: The action item could be funded under existing jurisdictional funding.
Benefit ratings were defined as follows:
High: The action item will provide short-term and long-term impacts on the reduction of
risk exposure to life and property.
Medium: The action item will have long-term impacts on the reduction of risk exposure to
life and property.
Low: The action item will have only short-term impacts on the reduction of risk exposure
to life and property.
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Q&A | ELEMENT D. MITIGATION STRATEGY | D3
Q: Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
A: See Priority Rating below.
Priority Rating
The Planning Team utilized the following Priority Rating method. Designations of “High”,
“Medium”, and “Low” priority have been assigned to all of the action items using the following
criteria:
Does the Action:
solve the problem?
address Vulnerability Assessment?
reduce the exposure or vulnerability to the highest priority hazard?
address multiple hazards?
benefits equal or exceed costs?
implement a goal, policy, or project identified in the General Plan or Capital
Improvement Plan?
Can the Action:
be implemented with existing funds?
be implemented by existing state or federal grant programs?
be completed within the 5-year life cycle of the LHMP?
be implemented with currently available technologies?
Will the Action:
be accepted by the community?
be supported by community leaders?
adversely impact segments of the population or neighborhoods?
require a change in local ordinances or zoning laws?
positive or neutral impact on the environment?
comply with all local, state and federal environmental laws and regulations?
Is there:
sufficient staffing to undertake the project?
existing authority to undertake the project?
As mitigation action items were updated or written the Planning Team, representatives
were provided worksheets for each of their assigned action items. Answers to the
criteria above determined the priority according to the following scale.
• 1-6 = Low priority
• 7-12 = Medium priority
• 13-18 = High priority
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Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1b.
Q: Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s ability to expand on and improve these existing policies
and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C2
Q: Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP
requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C3
Q: Does the plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4a.
Q: Does the plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects to
reduce the impacts from hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4b.
Q: Does the plan identify mitigation actions for every hazard posing a threat to each participating
jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C4c.
Q: Do the identified mitigation actions and projects have an emphasis on new and existing buildings and
infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5a.
Q: Does the plan explain how the mitigation actions and projects will be prioritized (including cost benefit
review)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5b.
Q: Does the plan identify the position, office, department, or agency responsible for implementing and
administering the action/project, potential funding sources and expected timeframes for completion?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT D. MITIGATION STRATEGY | D2
Q: Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
Q&A | ELEMENT D. MITIGATION STRATEGY | D3
Q: Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
A: See Mitigation Actions Matrix below.
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Mitigation Actions Matrix
Following is Table: Mitigation Actions Matrix which identifies the existing and future mitigation activities developed by the Planning
Team.
Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Multi-Hazard Mitigation Action Items
MH-1 Develop and maintain a database to
track community vulnerability (i.e., exposure
in known hazard areas).
Planning and
Building 1-5 years X X X Y HMGP, BRIC M M L
MH-2 Identify the most at-risk critical facilities
and evaluating potential mitigation
techniques.
Planning and
Building 1-5 years X X X Y HMGP, BRIC M M L
MH-3 Incorporate risk assessment and
hazard mitigation principles into
comprehensive planning efforts. (Source:
General Plan)
Planning and
Building Ongoing X X X Y B M M L
MH-4 Incorporate a hazard risk assessment
and mitigation practices into local
Planning and
Building 3-5 years X X X Y B M M L
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High development and subdivision review
processes.
MH-5 Adopt the International Building Code
(IBC) and International Residential Code
(IRC).
Planning and
Building Tri-Annual X X X Y B M M L
MH-6 Incorporate higher standards for
hazard resistance in local application of the
building code.
Planning and
Building 3-5 years X X X Y B, HMGP,
BRIC M M L
MH-7 Provide advanced training to local
building inspectors (ATC, SAP)
Planning and
Building Ongoing X X X Y B M M L
MH-8 Develop and implement a multi-hazard
public awareness program.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X N B, EMPG M L M
MH-9 Encourage property owners to
purchase hazard insurance not as an
alternative to mitigation, but rather to add
financial protection if damage does occur.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X N
B, EMPG
M L M
MH-10 Encourage residents to prepare by
stocking up the necessary items and
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X N B, EMPG M L M
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High planning for how family members should
respond during a disaster.
MH-11 Provide hazard vulnerability checklists
for homeowners to conduct their own
inspections.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X Y B, EMPG M L M
MH-12 Reconstruct or retrofit City-owned
buildings and infrastructure located in high-
hazard areas.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
MH-13 Install permanent and quick-connect
emergency generators and other power
source hook-ups for City-owned buildings
and infrastructure.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
MH-14 Purchase and install emergency shut
off devices to water and gas distribution
lines.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
MH-15 Install/Upgrade security camera
systems at water resources division facilities
to improve security and to make the division
aware of intrusions.
Water Resources
Division 5 years X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M M M
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High MH-16 Purchase generators for well and
pump stations to ensure power to wells and
reservoirs during disasters.
Water Resources
Division 5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
MH-17 Perform periodic (approximately every
10 years) water/sewer resource studies and
master plans to identify deficiencies and
deferred maintenance for the city's
infrastructure systems, including cost
estimates; develop nexus calculations to
determine new development's fair share cost
to upgrade infrastructure systems.
(Reference: GP Public Services Element)
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
MH-18 Increase police and fire staffing
levels, improve police and fire facilities and
equipment, and improve community safety
services and programs. (Reference: GP
Public Services Element)
Police, Orange
County Fire Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High MH-19 Update the Santa Ana River Vision
Plan to expand opportunities to reintroduce
natural elements, increase habitat, and
provide more recreational opportunities.
(Reference: GP Open Space Element)
Parks /
Recreation &
Community
Services, Public
Works
2024 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
MH-20 Explore the development of a climate
adaptation plan to respond to the most
significant potential climate change risks and
vulnerabilities identified in the vulnerability
assessment and protect the natural and built
environment, residents, visitors, economic
base, and quality of life. (Reference: GP
Safety Element)
Planning and
Building, Public
Works
2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
MH-21 Compile and maintain a list of
facilities that, because of population
demands (such as mobility issues at a
nursing home), construction type, location
relative to a fault, or other factors, may have
a high risk and require special response
Planning and
Building, Orange
County Fire
2025 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High during a geologic or seismic event.
(Reference: GP Safety Element)
MH-22 Establish a low interest/cost loan
program to seismically retrofit buildings on
local Historic Register. (Reference: FP
Historic Preservation Element)
Community
Development 2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
MH-23 The City will be prepared to support
vulnerable populations through resources
such as the Listos California website.
(https://www.listoscalifornia.org/)
Earthquake Mitigation Action Items
EQ-1 Support financial incentives, such as
low interest loans or tax breaks, for home
and business owners who seismically retrofit
their structures.
Planning and
Building 1-5 years X X X Y HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG M M M
EQ-2 Develop an inventory of private
buildings that may be particularly vulnerable
to earthquake damage, including pre-1940s
Planning and
Building 1-5 years X X X Y HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG M M M
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High homes and homes with cripple wall
foundations.
EQ-3 Document information gathered
through the development process on
geologic information on seismic sources, soil
conditions, and related potential hazards.
Planning and
Building Ongoing X X X Y B M M M
EQ-4 Educate homeowners on safety
techniques to follow during and after an
earthquake.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X Y B, EMPG M L M
EQ-5 Educate homeowners about structural
and non-structural retrofitting of vulnerable
homes and encouraging retrofit.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X Y B, EMPG M L M
EQ-6 Develop an outreach program to
encourage homeowners to secure
furnishings, storage cabinets, and utilities to
prevent injuries and damage.
Police, Planning
and Building Ongoing X X Y B, EMPG M L M
EQ-7 Conduct seismic retrofitting for critical
City-owned buildings and infrastructure most
at risk to earthquakes.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High EQ-8 Identify and harden critical lifeline
systems (i.e., critical public services such as
utilities and roads) to meet “Seismic Design
Guidelines and Standards for Lifelines” or
equivalent standards.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG H H H
EQ-9 Strengthen and retrofit City-owned
buildings and infrastructure with non-
reinforced masonry and non-ductile concrete
that are particularly vulnerable to ground
shaking.
Public Works 5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG H H H
EQ-10 Retrofit City-owned structures with
veneers to prevent failure. Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
EQ-11 Retrofit windows in City-owned
structures with film to prevent injuries from
shattered glass following an earthquake.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
EQ-12 Retrofit City-owned rooftop-mounted
equipment (i.e., HVAC units, satellite dishes,
etc.) with better anchoring.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High EQ-13 Seismic evaluation of reservoir and
pump stations.
Water Resources
Division 5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
L L L
Flooding Mitigation Action Items
FLD-1 Due to potential for flood damage and
overall security, relocate the main City of
Santa Ana I.T. server room from City Hall
Basement to the Police Department.
Information
Technology 2 years X Y CIP H H H
FLD-2 Improve drainage at City Hall loading
dock. The loading dock has a 12-foot drop
from street level. A poor drainage system
and high rains in 2018 caused severe
damage to basement. There are several key
City services located on the basement level.
Modifications would include increasing
surface area of drain grates, increasing slope
and piping size from grates to sump pumps
Public Works Complete X X Y CIP H L H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High and modifying curbs at the bottom of ramp to
better utilize both drainage grates.
FLD-3 Improve the various significantly
undersized existing City storm drain systems
by installing additional drains, increasing
capacity, or re-routing.
Public Works 5-25 years Y HMP, BRIC,
EMPG H H H
FLD-4 City-owned facilities will use porous
pavement, vegetative buffers, and islands in
large parking areas, where feasible. (Source:
NPDES)
Public Works,
Planning and
Building
Ongoing X X X Y B M L L
FLD-5 Encourage the use of permeable
pavements or other infiltration BMPs to
reduce runoff and increase groundwater
recharge. (NPDES)
Public Works,
Planning and
Building
Ongoing X X X Y B M L L
FLD-6 Fund and complete an update to the
Stormwater Project Master Plan Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
FLD-7 Prepare and adopt a Storm Drain
Master Plan. Public Works Completed
2018 X X Y B H H H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High FLD-8 Increase dimensions of drainage
culverts in flood-prone areas. Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
FLD-9 At City-owned facilities, perform
regular drainage system maintenance, such
as sediment and debris clearance, as well as
detection and prevention of discharges into
stormwater and sewer systems from home
footing drains, downspouts, or sewer pumps.
Public Works Ongoing X X Y B H H H
FLD-10 Floodproofing water and wastewater
treatment facilities located in flood hazard
areas.
Water Resources Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
FLD-11 Install and/or upgrade stormwater
pumping stations. Completed include First
Street lift station and Civic Center lift stations.
Public Works Complete X X Y CIP H H H
FLD-12 Installing back-up generators or
other power sources for pumping and lift
stations in sanitary sewer systems along with
Water Resources 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High other measures (alarms, meters, remote
controls, and switchgear upgrades).
FLD-13 Continue participation in NPDES
Program (National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System). Seek funding for
administrative, engineering, and construction
aspects of compliance.
Public Works Ongoing X X X X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
FLD-14 As per the Storm Drain Master Plan
(2018), seek funding to implement the “Top
10 Capital Improvement Projects” including:
1. Greenville-Banning subarea 18
improvements
2. Gardens subareas 18, 19 & 20
improvements
3. Delhi subarea 1 improvements
4. Gardens subarea 14 improvements
5. Delhi subareas 16, 17 & 18 improvements
6. Delhi subarea 40 improvements
7. Delhi subarea 2 improvements
Public Works 5-25 years X X X X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H H H
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Mitigation Action Item Lead Department Timeline Goal: Protect Life and Property Goal: Public Awareness Goal: Natural Systems Goal: Emergency Services Goal: Partnerships and Implementation Buildings & Infrastructure: Does the Action item involve New and/or Existing Buildings and/or Infrastructure? Yes (Y), No (N) Funding Source and Planning Mechanism: B – Budget, CIP – Capital Improvement Program, , HMGP- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, BRIC – Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities Grant, EMPG – Emergency Management Planning Grant Benefit: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Cost: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High Priority: L-Low, M-Medium, H-High 8. Santa Fe Grand subarea 3 improvements
9. Wintersburg subarea 15 improvements
10. Santa Fe subarea 1 (2 of 2)
improvements
FLD-15 Redesign or reengineer sewer lift
stations to prevent flooding inside stations. If
flooding occurs, limited ability to pump
sewage.
Water Resources
Division 5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M H M
Epidemic / Pandemic / Vector-Borne Disease
Mitigation Action Items
EPV- 1 Partner with County of Orange Vector
Control to develop and maintain a public
information campaign to educate residents
and businesses on vector-borne hazards and
mitigation measures.
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M H M
EPV-Continue to work with County of Orange
Vector Control for mosquito abatement
projects aimed at protecting the City.
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M H M
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Climate Change Mitigation Action Items
CC-1 Investigate, fund, and install solar
panels and battery back-ups for all City-
owned buildings.
Public Works 1-5 years X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M M M
CC-2 Review and update the City’s Climate
Action Plan Public Works 2025 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
CC-3 Update Citywide Design Guidelines to
incorporate energy conservation principles,
including passive heating and cooling, siting,
shading, and material choices. Provide
examples of site plans that illustrate energy
conservation principles. (Reference: GP
Conservation Element)
Planning and
Building 2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
CC-4 Support and encourage retrofitting
existing buildings to achieve energy
optimization. Partner with Southern California
Edison and other stakeholders to provide
incentives, rebates, and expedited permitting
for energy retrofit projects and to make
residents, property owners, and businesses
aware of such programs. (Reference: GP
Conservation Element)
Planning and
Building, Public
Works
Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
CC-5 Reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
that would otherwise be released into the
atmosphere through the continued
maintenance and expansion of the city’s
urban forest and development of other green
infrastructure. Explore options to include
green infrastructure requirements in new
public realm plans. (Reference: GP
Conservation Element)
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
CC-6 Establish and maintain a clearinghouse
of information on available funding
alternatives for renewable energy projects,
rates of return, and other information to
Public Works,
Community
Development
2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
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support developers and community members
interested in pursuing renewable energy
projects. (Reference: GP Conservation
Element)
CC-7 Create educational programs to sustain
public awareness of the importance of
resource conservation (e.g., energy, water,
and open space), the continued existence of
long-term resource demand challenges, and
specific conservation tactics that are
recommended. (Reference: GP Conservation
Element)
Public Works 2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
Climate Change Sub-Hazard Extreme Heat
Mitigation Action Items
EH-1 Organize outreach to vulnerable
populations, including establishing and
promoting accessible cooling centers in the
community.
Parks /
Recreation &
Community
Services
1-5 years X X Y B M M M
EH-2 In private and public spaces,
encourage installation of green roofs, which
provide shade and remove heat from the roof
surface and surrounding air.
Planning and
Building 1 year X X Y B M L M
EH-3 Increasing tree plantings around
buildings to shade parking lots and along
public rights- of-way.
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M M M
EH-4 In private and public spaces, use cool
roofing products that reflect sunlight and heat
away from a building.
Public Works Ongoing X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
M M M
Climate Change Sub-Hazard Drought Heat
Mitigation Action Items
DR-1 Provide educational outreach materials
for residents and businesses on proper water
use and other water conservation practices.
(Reference: GP Conservation Element)
Public Works Ongoing
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DR-2 Promote awareness of the City
Landscape and Parkway Improvement
Guidelines to require public projects and new
private development to incorporate drought-
tolerant landscaping. Continue to encourage
drought-tolerant retrofits through the Turf
Removal Rebate Program and educate
property owners about incentives available
through the SoCal Water$mart program to
public and private property owners for
planting native or drought-tolerant vegetation.
(Reference: GP Conservation Element)
Public Works,
Planning and
Building
2022 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
DR-3 Pursue funding to implement the first
phase of the City of Santa Ana Recycled
Water Master Plan, with an emphasis on
local water recycling programs and
cooperation with regional water recycling
efforts. (Reference: GP Conservation
Element)
Public Works 2023 X X Y
B, CIP,
HMGP, BRIC,
EMPG
H M H
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Plan Maintenance
The plan maintenance process includes a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the Plan
annually and producing a plan revision every five years. This section describes how the City will
integrate public participation throughout the plan maintenance process.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6a.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored (how will implementation
be tracked) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Method and Scheduling of Plan Implementation and Monitoring and Implementing the Plan below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6c.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be updated during the 5-year cycle?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Method and Scheduling of Plan Implementation and Monitoring and Implementing the Plan below.
Method and Scheduling of Plan Implementation
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Monitoring X X X X X
Evaluating
Internal Planning Team Evaluation X X X X X
Cal OES and FEMA Evaluation X
Updating X
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6b.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be evaluated (assessing the effectiveness
of the plan at achieving stated purpose and goals) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Monitoring and Implementing the Plan below.
Monitoring and Implementing the Plan
Plan Adoption
The City Council will be responsible for adopting the Mitigation Plan. This governing body has
the authority to promote sound public policy regarding hazards. Once the plan has been adopted,
the Local Mitigation Officer will be responsible for submitting it to the State Hazard Mitigation
Officer at California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES). Cal OES will then submit the plan
to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for review and approval. This review
will address the requirements set forth in 44 C.F.R. Section 201.6 (Local Mitigation Plans). Upon
acceptance by FEMA, the City will gain eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds.
Local Mitigation Officer
The Planning Team that was involved in research and writing of the Plan will also be responsible
for implementation. The Planning Team will be led by the Planning Team Chair Steve Rhyner
who will be referred to as the Local Mitigation Officer. Under the direction of the Local Mitigation
Officer, the Planning Team will take responsibility for plan maintenance and implementation. The
Local Mitigation Officer will facilitate the Planning Team meetings and will assign tasks such as
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updating and presenting the Plan to the members of the Planning Team. Plan implementation
and evaluation will be a shared responsibility among all of the Planning Team members. The
Local Mitigation Officer will coordinate with the City leadership to ensure funding for 5-year
updates to Plan as required by FEMA.
The Planning Team will be responsible for coordinating implementation of plan action items and
undertaking the formal review process. The Local Mitigation Officer will be authorized to make
changes in assignments to the current Planning Team.
The Planning Team will meet no less than annually. Meeting dates will be scheduled once the
final Planning Team has been established. These meetings will provide an opportunity to discuss
the progress of the action items and maintain the partnerships that are essential for the
sustainability of the mitigation plan. The Local Mitigation Officer or designee will be responsible
for contacting the Planning Team members and organizing the annual meeting which will take
place annually during the month of the Plan’s approval.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6a.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored (how will implem entation
be tracked) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Monitoring the Plan below.
Monitoring the Plan
The Local Mitigation Officer will hold an annual meeting with representatives from the coordinating
agencies in order to gather status updates on the mitigation action items. These meetings will
provide an opportunity to discuss the progress of the action items and maintain the partnerships
that are essential for the sustainability of the mitigation plan. See the Annual Implementation
Report discussed below which will be a valuable tool for the Planning Team to measure the
success of the Hazard Mitigation Plan. The focus of the annual meeting will be on the progress
and changes to the Mitigation Action Items.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C1b.
Q: Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s ability to expand on and improve these existing policies
and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
A: See Implementation through Existing Programs below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C6a.
Q: Does the plan identify the local planning mechanisms where hazard mitigation information and/or
actions may be incorporated? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
A: See Implementation through Existing Programs below.
Q&A | ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY | C6b.
Q: Does the plan describe each community’s process to integrate the data, information, and hazard
mitigation goals and actions into other planning mechanisms? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
A: See Implementation through Existing Programs below.
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Implementation through Existing Programs
The City addresses statewide planning goals and legislative requirements through the General
Fund, Capital Projects, and Grants. The Mitigation Plan provides a series of recommendations -
many of which are closely related to the goals and objectives of existing planning programs. The
City will implement recommended mitigation action items through existing programs and
procedures.
The City is responsible for adhering to the State of California’s Building and Safety Codes. In
addition, the City may work with other agencies at the state level to review, develop and ensure
Building and Safety Codes are adequate to mitigate or present damage by hazards. This is to
ensure that life-safety criteria are met for new construction.
Some of the goals and action items in the Mitigation Plan will be achieved through activities
recommended in the strategic and other budget documents. The various departments involved
in developing the Plan will review it on an annual basis. During the review, the Planning Team
will ensure the Mitigation Plan action items are consistent with the City’s strategic and budget
documents to ensure the Mitigation Plan goals and action items are implemented in a timely
fashion.
Upon FEMA approval, the Planning Team will begin the process of incorporating risk information
and mitigation action items into existing planning mechanisms. The annual meetings of the
Planning Team will provide an opportunity for Planning Team members to report back on the
progress made on the integration of mitigation planning elements into the City’s planning
documents and procedures.
Specifically, the Planning Team will utilize the updates of the following documents to implement
the Mitigation Plan:
✓ Risk Assessment, City Profile, Planning Process (stakeholders) – Emergency
Operations Plan, General Plan
✓ Mitigation Actions Matrix – General Fund, Capital Projects, Grants, Bonds
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6c.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be updated during the 5-year cycle?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Annual Implementation Report below.
Annual Implementation Report
The Annual Implementation Matrix is the same as the Mitigation Actions Matrix but with a column
added to track the annual status of each Action Item. Upon approval and adoption of the Plan,
the entire Annual Implementation Report will be added to the Appendix of the Plan. Following is
a view of the Annual Implementation Matrix:
Insert Matrix once plan finalized.
An equal part of the monitoring process is the need to maintain a strategic planning process which
needs to include funding and organizational support. In that light, at least one year in advance of
the FEMA-mandated 5-year submission of an update, the Local Mitigation Officer will convene
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the Planning Team to discuss funding and timing of the update planning process. On the fifth
year of the planning cycles (five years from the date of FEMA approval), the Planning Team will
broaden its scope to include discussions and research on all of the sections within the Plan with
particular attention given to goal achievement and public participation.
Q&A | ELEMENT C: MITIGATION STRATEGY | C5a.
Q: Does the plan explain how the mitigation actions and projects will be prioritized (including cost benefit
review)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
A: See Economic Analysis of Mitigation Projects and FEMA Benefit-Cost Analysis Guidelines below.
Economic Analysis of Mitigation Projects
FEMA's approach to identify the costs and benefits associated with hazard mitigation strategies,
measures, or projects fall into two general categories: benefit/cost analysis and cost-effectiveness
analysis.
Conducting benefit/cost analysis for a mitigation activity can assist communities in determining
whether a project is worth undertaking now, in order to avoid disaster -related damages later.
Cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates how best to spend a given amount of money to achieve a
specific goal. Determining the economic feasibility of mitigating hazards can provide decision-
makers with an understanding of the potential benefits and costs of an activity, as well as a basis
upon which to compare alternative projects.
Given federal funding, the Planning Team will use a FEMA-approved benefit/cost analysis
approach to identify and prioritize mitigation action items. For other projects and funding sources,
the Planning Team will use other approaches to understand the costs and benefits of each action
item and develop a prioritized list.
The “benefit”, “cost”, and overall “priority” of each mitigation action item was included in the
Mitigation Actions Matrix located in Part III: Mitigation Strategies. A
more technical assessment will be required in the event grant funding
is pursued through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. FEMA
Benefit-Cost Analysis Guidelines are discussed below.
FEMA Benefit-Cost Analysis Guidelines
The Stafford Act authorizes the President to establish a program to
provide technical and financial assistance to state and local
governments to assist in the implementation of hazard mitigation
measures that are cost effective and designed to substantially
reduce injuries, loss of life, hardship, or the risk of future damage and
destruction of property. To evaluate proposed hazard mitigation
projects prior to funding FEMA requires a Benefit-Cost Analysis
(BCA) to validate cost effectiveness. BCA is the method by which
the future benefits of a mitigation project are estimated and
compared to its cost. The end result is a benefit-cost ratio (BCR), which is derived from a project’s
total net benefits divided by its total project cost. The BCR is a numerical expression of the cost
effectiveness of a project. A project is considered to be cost effective when the BCR is 1.0 or
greater, indicating the benefits of a prospective hazard mitigation project are sufficient to justify
the costs.
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Although the preparation of a BCA is a technical process, FEMA has developed software, written
materials, and training to support the effort and assist with estimating the expected future benefits
over the useful life of a retrofit project. It is imperative to conduct a BCA early in the project
development process to ensure the likelihood of meeting the cost-effective eligibility requirement
in the Stafford Act.
The BCA program consists of guidelines, methodologies and software modules for a range of
major natural hazards including:
✓ Flood (Riverine, Coastal Zone A, Coastal Zone V)
✓ Hurricane Wind
✓ Hurricane Safe Room
✓ Damage-Frequency Assessment
✓ Tornado Safe Room
✓ Earthquake
✓ Wildfire
The BCA program provides up to date program data, up to date default and standard values, user
manuals and training. Overall, the program makes it easier for users and evaluators to conduct
and review BCAs and to address multiple buildings and hazards in a single BCA module run.
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6a.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be monitored (how will implementation
be tracked) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Evaluating and Updating the Plan below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6b.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be evaluated (assessing the effectiveness
of the plan at achieving stated purpose and goals) over time? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Evaluating and Updating the Plan below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A6c.
Q: Does the plan identify how, when, and by whom the plan will be updated during the 5-year cycle?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i))
A: See Evaluating and Updating the Plan below.
Evaluating and Updating the Plan
Evaluation
At the conclusion of the Annual Implementation Meeting, the Local Mitigation Officer will lead a
discussion with the Planning Team on the success (or failure) of the Mitigation Plan to meet the
plan goals. The results of that discussion will be added to the Evaluation portion of the Annual
Implementation Report and inclusion in the 5-year update to the Plan. Efforts will be made
immediately by the Local Mitigation Officer to address any failed plan goals.
Formal Update Process
As identified above, the Mitigation Action Items will be monitored for status on an annual basis as
well as an evaluation of the Plan’s goals. The Local Mitigation Officer or designee will be
responsible for contacting the Planning Team members and organizing the annual meeting which
will take place annually during the month of the Plan’s approval. Planning Team members will
also be responsible for participating in the formal update to the Plan every fifth year of the planning
cycle.
The Planning Team will begin the update process with a review of the plan’s goals and mitigation
action items to determine their relevance to changing situations within the City as well as changes
in State or Federal policy, and to ensure they are addressing current and expected conditions.
The Planning Team will also review the Plan’s Risk Assessment to determine if this information
should be updated or modified, given any new available data. The coordinating organizations
responsible for the various action items will report on the status of their projects, including the
success of various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination
efforts, and which strategies should be revised. Amendments and updates will be made to the
Mitigation Actions Matrix and other sections in the Plan as deemed necessary by the Planning
Team.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A5
Q: Is there discussion of how the community(ies) will continue public participation in the plan
maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii))
A: See Continued Public Involvement below.
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Plan Maintenance
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Continued Public Involvement
The City is dedicated to involving the public directly in the continual review and updates to the
Mitigation Plan. Copies of the plan will be made available at City Hall and on the City website.
The existence and location of these copies will be publicized in the City’s social media resources
and on the website. This site will also contain an email address and phone number where people
can direct their comments and concerns. At the discretion of the Local Mitigation Officer, a public
meeting may be held after the Annual Implementation Meeting. The meeting would provide the
public a forum in which interested individuals and/or agencies could express their concerns,
opinions, or ideas about the plan.
The Local Mitigation Officer will be responsible for using City resources to publicize any public
meetings and always free to maintain public involvement through the public access channel, web
page, and newspapers.
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Attachments
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Attachments
FEMA Letter of Approval
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Attachments
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City Council Resolution
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Attachments
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Web Postings of Second Draft Plan below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A3a.
Q: Does the plan document how the public was given the opportunity to be involved in the planning
process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
A: See Web Postings of Second Draft Plan below.
Web Postings of Second Draft Plan
City of Santa Ana Website
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Attachments
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Facebook
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Attachments
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Instagram
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Attachments
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Twitter
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Attachments
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Next Door
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Attachments
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Nixle
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Attachments
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Social Media Statistics as of October 18, 2021
Facebook 9/9: 6,566 people reached, 10 likes, 3 comments, 3 shares, 119 post clicks, 12 link
clicks
Instagram: 9/10: 7,750 accounts reached, 56 profile visits, 4 website clicks, 200 likes, 8
comments, 16 sends, 16 saves
Twitter 9/9: 2 retweets, 1 like, 1,878 impressions, 4 link clicks, 7 profile clicks
Nextdoor 9/9: 1,338 impressions, no likes/comments
Post Links
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=4695782277100799&id=2000
89073336831
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/p/CTp60KEhWN0/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/CityofSantaAna/status/1436139478310010900
Nextdoor: https://nextdoor.com/p/pm6KLqfkYppg?utm_source=share&extras=NjQyNDkxODA%3D
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A2a.
Q: Does the plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local, and regional agencies
involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well
as other interested parties to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2))
A: See Email to External Agencies and Email to Nixle Subscribers below.
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A2b.
Q: Does the plan identify how the stakeholders were invited to participate in the process? (Requirement
§201.6(b)(2))
A: See Email to External Agencies and Email to Nixle Subscribers below.
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Attachments
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Email to External Agencies
Email to External Agencies – September 1, 2021
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Attachments
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Email to Nixle Subscribers - September 9, 2021
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Attachments
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Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q: Does the plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared (with a narrative
description, meeting minutes, sign-in sheets, or another method)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
A: See Planning Team Sign-In Sheets below.
Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 1 – January 13, 2021
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Attachments
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Attachments
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Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 2 – January 27, 2021
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Attachments
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Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 3 – February 10, 2021
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Attachments
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Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 4 – February 24, 2021
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Attachments
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Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 5 – March 31, 2021
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Attachments
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Planning Team Sign-In Sheet: Meeting 6 – April 14, 2021
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Attachments
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Planning Team Minutes
Q&A | ELEMENT A: PLANNING PROCESS | A1a.
Q Does the plan provide documentation of how the plan was prepared? (Note: This documentation must
include the schedule or timeframe and activities that made up the plan’s development as well as who was
involved.)
A: See Planning Team Minutes below.
Agenda
City of Santa Ana
Planning Team Meeting #1
1. Examine the purpose hazard mitigation.
2. Discuss the concepts and terms related to hazard mitigation planning.
3. Review the project schedule and public involvement during the plan writing phase.
4. Discuss initial results of Hazard Analysis and Rank Hazards.
5. Gather City Profile Data
a. History, Geography, Land Use, Demographics, CIP
Agenda
City of Santa Ana
Planning Team Meeting #2
1. Review examples of hazard mitigation activities.
2. Develop Hazard Mitigation Action Items.
a. Action Item
b. Goals Achieved
c. Coordinating Agency
d. Timeline
e. Funding Source
f. Planning Mechanisms
g. Benefit, Cost, and Priority Ranking
h. Does action item apply to existing or future buildings or infrastructure?
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Attachments
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Agenda
City of Santa Ana
Planning Team Meeting #3
1. Continue to Develop Hazard Mitigation Action Items.
a. Action Item
b. Goals Achieved
c. Coordinating Agency
d. Timeline
e. Funding Source
f. Planning Mechanisms
g. Benefit, Cost, and Priority Ranking
h. Does action item apply to existing or future buildings or infrastructure?
Agenda
City of Santa Ana
Planning Team Meeting #4
1. Review First Draft Plan (distributed ahead of meeting to all members).
2. Continue to Develop Mitigation Action Items.
3. Discuss Strategy for Distributing Second Draft Plan to External Agencies and General Public.
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Attachments
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Q&A | ELEMENT B: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT | B3b.
Q: Is there a description of each identified hazard’s overall vulnerability (structures, systems, populations,
or other community assets defined by the community that are identified as being susceptible to damage
and loss from hazard events) for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
A: See HAZUS Reports – Attached Separately.
HAZUS Reports – Attached Separately