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City of Santa Ana — Santa Ana Zoo Economic Impact Study March 29, 2019 Zoo Advisors, LLC Page 3 Indirect Effects To accommodate the newly demanded output, the producers in turn require additional support from their suppliers, and in order for these suppliers to accommodate the new demand, they in turn increase purchases accordingly to the relationships in the economic model from their supporting industries, and so on. This economic increase in output is known as the indirect effect of the original economic activity. Induced Effects Along with direct and indirect effects, an additional level of economic impact happens when workers from all parts of the process spend a portion of their additional labor income (and non -labor income). This household spending then creates new demand from households supporting industries (e.g., health services, retail purchases, food services, etc.) that sets in motion successive economic activity. This level of economic activity brought from household spending is referred to as the induced effect of the initial stimulus. To conduct this input-output analysis we will use the IMPLAN model, a software used by economic development professionals across the United States, IMPLAN allows users to develop input-output models to evaluate the economic impact of business, project, or policy. We will utilize an IMPLAN methodology known as Analysis -by -Parts, which will provide us more control over the analysis than the standard industry change methodology. Analysis -by -Parts facilitates the analysis of the direct, indirect, and induced effects separately. The outcome of this research will be a detailed report analyzing the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of Santa Zoo's master plan operations and associated capital efforts over each of the next 10 years. Phase III: Interpretation and Presentation of Findings In the final phase of our engagement, we will organize a conference call or video conference to discuss and explain the findings, their ramifications, and the optimal way to discuss them with stakeholders. As the impact study report itself is dense and detailed, during this phase we will also discuss the best strategy to create an easier -to -digest "presentation format report" This version of the report, in which the high-level findings from the full report would be presented in a shorter, graphical layout, has been demonstrated to be incredibly useful in communicating the full economic impact of the Zoo's master plan in a compelling and easy -to -understand way. At the completion of this phase, the Zoo would be equipped with two valuable communications tools for two separate audiences: the full report (for the economically inclined, detailed oriented audience), and the presentation report (for those without a financial background who are more interested in the summary and highlights).