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MainPlace Mall Transformation Project 12126.001 <br />WIRC] *Q 1161ci [ye101I Q&,] 4 1.11U I Lei on FiVIF0 N oil <br />3.1 Surface Fault Rupture <br />Our review of available in-house literature indicates that no known active faults <br />have been mapped across the site, and the site is not located within a designated <br />Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone (Bryant and Hart, 2007). Considering the <br />locations of these mapped faults relative to the site, the potential impact of <br />surface fault rupture occurrence at the site is very low and a surface fault rupture <br />hazard evaluation is not mandated for this site. <br />The location of the closest active faults to the site was evaluated using the United <br />States Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program National <br />Seismic Hazard Maps (USGS, 2008c). The closest active faults to the site are <br />the San Joaquin Hills fault, Puente Hills fault, Newport -Inglewood fault zone, and <br />Elsinore fault zone located approximately 5.8 miles, 7.2 miles, 9.8 miles and 10.1 <br />miles from the site, respectively. The San Joaquin Hills and Puente hills faults <br />are both blind thrust faults that are concealed at depth, without the potential for <br />surface fault rupture. The San Andreas fault, which is the largest active fault in <br />California, is approximately 41 miles northeast of the site. Major regional faults <br />with surface expression in proximity to the site are shown on Figure 4, Regional <br />Fault and Historic Seismicity Map. <br />Design Consideration: Surface fault rupture is not a design consideration for <br />the project. <br />3.2 Seismic Ground Shaking <br />The principal seismic hazard to the site is ground shaking resulting from an <br />earthquake occurring along any of several major active and potentially active <br />faults in southern California (Figure 4, Regional Fault and Historic Seismicity <br />Map). The intensity of ground shaking at a given location depends primarily <br />upon the earthquake magnitude, the distance from the source, and the site <br />response characteristics. <br />Although Southern California has been seismically active during the past 200 <br />years, written accounts of only the strongest shocks survive the early part of this <br />period. Early descriptions of earthquakes are rarely specific enough to allow an <br />association with any particular fault zone. It is also not possible to precisely locate <br />epicenters of earthquakes that have occurred prior to the twentieth century. A <br />6 9 <br />Leighton <br />