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*:/:I1-3Ill i`a <br />to achieve and maintain the California AAQS by the earliest practical date. The California AAQS tend to be <br />more restrictive than the National AAQS, based on even greater health and welfare concerns. <br />These National AAQS and California AAQS are the levels of au quality considered to provide a margin of <br />safety in the protection of the public health and welfare. They are designed to protect "sensitive receptors" <br />most susceptible to further respiratory distress, such as asthmatics, the elderly, very young children, people <br />already weakened by other disease or illness, and persons engaged in strenuous work or exercise. Healthy <br />adults can tolerate occasional exposure to air pollutant concentrations considerably above these minimum <br />standards before adverse effects are observed. <br />Both California and the federal government have established healthbasedAAQS for seven air pollutants. As <br />shown in Table 1, Ambient Air Quakty Standards for Criteria Pollutants, these pollutants include ozone (03), <br />nitrogen dioxide (NOz), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), coarse inhalable particulate matter <br />(PM3o), fine inhalable particulate matter (PMzs), and lead (Pb). In addition, the state has set standards for <br />sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride, and visibility- reducing particles. These standards are designed to <br />protect the health and welfare of the populace with a reasonable margin of safety. <br />Table 1 Ambient Air Qualitv Standards for Criteria Pollutants <br />California <br />Federal Primary <br />Pollutant <br />Averaging Time <br />Standard' <br />Standard' <br />Major Pollutant Sources <br />Ozone (03)3 <br />1 hour <br />0.09 ppm <br />Motor vehicles, paints, coatings, and <br />8 hours <br />0.070 ppm <br />0.070 ppm <br />solvents. <br />Carbon Monoxide (CO) <br />1 hour <br />20 ppm <br />35 ppm <br />Internal combustion engines, primarily <br />gasoline -powered motor vehicles. <br />8 hours <br />9.0 ppm <br />9 ppm <br />Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) <br />Annual Arithmetic <br />0.030 ppm <br />0.053 ppm <br />Motor vehicles, petroleum -refining <br />Mean <br />operations, industrial sources, aircraft, ships, <br />and railroads. <br />1 hour <br />0.18 ppm <br />0.100 ppm <br />Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) <br />Annual Arithmetic <br />0.030 ppm <br />Fuel combustion, chemical plants, sulfur <br />Mean <br />recovery plants, and metal processing. <br />1 hour <br />0.25 ppm <br />0.075 ppm <br />24 hours <br />0.04 ppm <br />0.14 ppm <br />Respirable Coarse <br />Annual Arithmetic <br />20 Ng/m3 <br />` <br />Dust and fume -producing construction, <br />Particulate Matter <br />Mean <br />industrial, and agricultural operations, <br />(PM10) <br />combustion, atmospheric photochemical <br />24 hours <br />50 Ng/m3 <br />150 Ng/m3 <br />reactions, and natural activities (e.g., wind - <br />raised dust and ocean sprays). <br />Respirable Fine <br />Annual Arithmetic <br />12 Ng/m3 <br />12 Ng/m3 <br />Dust and fume -producing construction, <br />Particulate Matter <br />Mean <br />industrial, and agricultural operations, <br />(PMzs)^ <br />combustion, atmospheric photochemical <br />24 hours <br />35 Ng/m3 <br />reactions, and natural activities (e.g., wind - <br />raised dust and ocean sprays). <br />75C-140 <br />