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laws, regulations, and policies. In the past, environmental hazards have been concentrated near <br />segregated neighborhoods, making minorities more likely to experience negative health <br />effects. Recognizing this history and working to make changes in future environmental <br />planning are important pieces of environmental justice. <br />Exclusionary Zoning: the use of zoning ordinances to prevent certain land uses, especially <br />the building of large and affordable apartment buildings for low-income people. A city with <br />exclusionary zoning might only allow single-family homes to be built in the city, excluding <br />people who cannot afford to buy a house. <br />Exposure Index: a measurement of how much the typical person of a specific race is exposed <br />to people of other races. A higher number means that the average person of that race lives in a <br />census tract with a higher percentage of people from another group. <br />Fair Housing Act: a federal civil rights law that prohibits housing discrimination on the basis <br />of race, class, sex, religion, national origin, or familial status. See also: Housing <br />Discrimination. <br />Federal Uniform Accessibility Standards (UFAS): a guide to uniform standards for design, <br />construction, and alternation of buildings so that physically handicapped people will be able <br />to access and use such buildings. <br />Gentrification: the process of renovating or improving a house or neighborhood to make it <br />more attractive to middle-class residents. Gentrification often causes the cost of living in the <br />neighborhood to rise, pushing out lower -income residents and attracting middle-class <br />residents. Often, these effects which are driven by housing costs have a corresponding change <br />in the racial demographics of an area. <br />High Opportunity Areas/Low Opportunity Areas: High Opportunity Areas are <br />communities with low poverty, high access to jobs, and low concentrations of existing <br />affordable housing. Often, local governments try to build new affordable housing options in <br />High Opportunity Areas so that the residents will have access to better resources, and in an <br />effort to desegregate a community, as minorities are often concentrated in low opportunity <br />areas and in existing affordable housing sites. <br />HOME: HOME Investment Partnership. HOME provides grants to States and localities that <br />communities use (often in partnership with nonprofits) to fund activities such as building, <br />buying, and/or rehabilitating affordable housing for rent or ownership, or providing direct <br />rental assistance to low-income people. <br />Housing Choice Voucher (HCV)/Section 8 Voucher: a HUD voucher issued to a low- <br />income household that promises to pay a certain amount of the household's rent. Prices are set <br />based on the rent in the metropolitan area, and voucher households must pay any difference <br />between the rent and the voucher amount. Voucher holders are often the subject of source of <br />income discrimination. See also: Source of Income Discrimination. <br />300 <br />75A-579 <br />