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5.0 Environmental Analysis 5.5 Air Quality <br />Avion Project SEIR <br />Page 5.5-10 <br />Table 5.5-2 <br />Air Quality Impact Analysis Trigger Levels <br />Pollutant <br />Emission Rate <br />(pounds/hour) <br />Emission Rate <br />(pounds/day) <br />Emission Rate <br />(tons/year) <br />Carbon Monoxide 100 550 100 <br />Nitrogen Oxide 25 250 40 <br />Particulate Matter less than 10 Microns -- 100 15 <br />Sulfur Oxide 25 250 40 <br />Lead -- 3.2 0.6 <br />Particulate Matter less than 2.5 Microns -- 67 10 <br />Reactive Organic Gases -- 137 15 <br />SOURCE: City of San Diego 2016; SDAPCD, Rules 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 (SDAPCD 2016). <br /> <br />5.5.4.2 Impacts <br />Air emissions were calculated using California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) 2016.3.2 <br />(California Air Pollution Control Officers Association [CAPCOA] 2017). CalEEMod is a tool used to <br />estimate air emissions resulting from land development projects in the state of California. The <br />model generates air quality emission estimates from three basics sources: construction sources, <br />area sources (e.g., landscaping equipment and natural gas heating), and mobile sources (e.g., traffic). <br />CalEEMod provides emission estimates of NOX, CO, sulfur oxide (SOX), PM10, PM2.5, and ROG. As <br />discussed, this focused air quality report analyzes short-term impacts associated with construction. <br />Construction-related activities are temporary, short-term sources of air emissions. Sources of <br />construction­related air emissions include: <br />• Fugitive dust from grading activities; <br />• Construction equipment exhaust; <br />• Construction-related trips by workers, delivery trucks, and material-hauling trucks; and <br />• Construction-related power consumption. <br />Construction-related pollutants result from dust raised during demolition and grading, emissions <br />from construction vehicles, and chemicals used during construction. Fugitive dust emissions vary <br />greatly during construction and are dependent on the amount and type of activity, silt content of the <br />soil, and the weather. Vehicles moving over paved and unpaved surfaces, demolition, excavation, <br />earth movement, grading, and wind erosion from exposed surfaces are all sources of fugitive dust. <br />Construction operations are subject to the requirements established in SDAPCD Regulation 4, <br />Rules 52, 54, and 55. <br />Heavy-duty construction equipment is usually diesel powered. In general, emissions from diesel- <br />powered equipment contain more NOX, SOX, and particulate matter than gasoline-powered engines. <br />However, diesel­powered engines generally produce less CO and less ROG than gasoline-powered <br />engines. Standard construction equipment includes tractors/loaders/backhoes, rubber-tired dozers, <br />excavators, graders, cranes, forklifts, rollers, paving equipment, generator sets, welders, cement and <br />mortar mixers, and air compressors.