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Page 23 of 52 <br />(c) <br />(1) The non -Federal entity must maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts <br />of interest and governing the actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award <br />and administration of contracts. No employee, officer, or agent may participate in the <br />selection, award, or administration of a contract supported by a Federal award if he or <br />she has a real or apparent conflict of interest. Such a conflict of interest would arise <br />when the employee, officer, or agent, any member of his or her immediate family, his <br />or her partner, or an organization which employs or is about to employ any of the <br />parties indicated herein, has a financial or other interest in or a tangible personal <br />benefit from a firm considered for a contract. The officers, employees, and agents of <br />the non -Federal entity may neither solicit nor accept gratuities, favors, or anything of <br />monetary value from contractors or parties to subcontracts. However, non -Federal <br />entities may set standards for situations in which the financial interest is not <br />substantial or the gift is an unsolicited item of nominal value. The standards of <br />conduct must provide for disciplinary actions to be applied for violations of such <br />standards by officers, employees, or agents of the non -Federal entity. <br />(2) If the non -Federal entity has a parent, affiliate, or subsidiary organization that is not a <br />state, local government, or Indian tribe, the non -Federal entity must also maintain <br />written standards of conduct covering organizational conflicts of interest. <br />Organizational conflicts of interest means that because of relationships with a parent <br />company, affiliate, or subsidiary organization, the non -Federal entity is unable or <br />appears to be unable to be impartial in conducting a procurement action involving a <br />related organization. <br />(d) The non -Federal entity's procedures must avoid acquisition of unnecessary or duplicative <br />items. Consideration should be given to consolidating or breaking out procurements to <br />obtain a more economical purchase. Where appropriate, an analysis will be made of lease <br />versus purchase alternatives, and any other appropriate analysis to determine the most <br />economical approach. <br />(e) To foster greater economy and efficiency, and in accordance with efforts to promote cost- <br />effective use of shared services across the Federal Government, the non -Federal entity is <br />encouraged to enter into state and local intergovernmental agreements or inter -entity <br />agreements where appropriate for procurement or use of common or shared goods and <br />services. <br />(f) The non -Federal entity is encouraged to use Federal excess and surplus property in lieu of <br />purchasing new equipment and property whenever such use is feasible and reduces <br />project costs. <br />(g) The non -Federal entity is encouraged to use value engineering clauses in contracts for <br />construction projects of sufficient size to offer reasonable opportunities for cost <br />reductions. Value engineering is a systematic and creative analysis of each contract item <br />or task to ensure that its essential function is provided at the overall lower cost. <br />Agreement No. R20AP00075 Agreement Template <br />20 C -2 5 (03/2019) <br />