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internet use often suffer from sleep problems.43 One-third of teens report waking up and
<br /> checking their phones for something other than the time at least once per night.44 Some teens
<br /> set alarms in the middle of the night to remind them to check their notifications or complete
<br /> video game tasks that are only available for a limited time.41
<br /> These behaviors in turn create new risks for young people. Screen time before bed is associated
<br /> with lower academic performance.46 Teenagers who use social media for more than five hours
<br /> per day are about 70% more likely to stay up late on school nights.47A lack of sleep in teenagers
<br /> has been linked to inability to concentrate, poor grades, drowsy-driving incidents, anxiety,
<br /> depression, thoughts of suicide, and even suicide attempts.48
<br /> A large body of research demonstrates that more time online displaces physical activity49 and is
<br /> consistently correlated with minors' risk of obesity, which in turn increases their risk of serious
<br /> illnesses like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and depression.50 Further, when
<br /> minors spend more time online, they are exposed to more advertisements for unhealthy food
<br /> and beverages,51 which are heavily targeted toward minors"and disproportionately marketed
<br /> to Black and Hispanic youth.53 In addition, poor sleep quality —which, as discussed above, is
<br /> associated with problematic internet use—increases the risk of childhood obesity by 20%.14
<br /> 43 Anita Restrepo,Tohar Scheininger,et al.,Problematic Internet Use in Children and Adolescents:Associations with
<br /> Psychiatric Disorders and Impairment,20 BMC Psychiatry 252(2020), littlDs://doi.org/10.1186/sl2888-.020-02640-
<br /> X.
<br /> 44 Common Sense,Screens and Sleep:The New Normal:Parents, Teens,Screens, and Sleep in the United States at 7
<br /> (2019), https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/
<br /> report/2019-new-normal-parents-teens-screens-and-sleep-united-states-report.pdf.
<br /> 45 Emily Weinstein &Carrie James, Behind Their Screens:What Teens Are Facing(And Adults Are Missing), MIT
<br /> Press,at 38(2022).
<br /> 46 Chloe Wilkinson et al.,Screen Time: The Effects on Children's Emotional,Social, and Cognitive Development at 4
<br /> (2021), 17„tt2s.// i7forrriedA—stu.sres.org/wp„.... .:t. ..i7.:t./.u.s,u�loads/Screei7 Girrie 1WI7e e��ecGs oil cl7uldrei7s errioGioi7al social-.
<br /> gga ,Irl,po7.:L
<br /> 47 Heavy Social Media Use Linked to Poor Sleep, BBC News(Oct.23,2019), https://www.bbc.com/
<br /> news/hea Ith-50140111.
<br /> 48 Among teens,sleep deprivation an epidemic,Stanford News Ctr. (Oct.8,2015),
<br /> https:Hmed.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.htmi.
<br /> 49 E de Jong et al.,Association Between TV Viewing, Computer Use and Overweight, Determinants and Competing
<br /> Activities of Screen Time in 4-to 13-Year-Old Children,37 Int'I J.Obesity 47,52 (2013),
<br /> https:Hpubmed.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/22158265/.
<br /> so Jeff Chester, Kathryn C. Montgomery,et al.,Big Food, Big Tech, and the Global Childhood Obesity Pandemic at 3
<br /> (2021 I]dds. u�u�u�.d�:iocrdia.or si��:s d�: Qau.�l� il�:si�:ldu.�l:�licil�:s0 '. u.�ll
<br /> ), I.............././.......................................................................................................................................................g/........................../........................................./......................./........................./............................................................./............................./......................................I...........................I.................
<br /> sl Id.
<br /> 52 Jeff Chester, Kathryn C. Montgomery,et al., Big Food, Big Tech, and the Global Childhood Obesity Pandemic at 3
<br /> (2021 , 17GGL�.//www.derriocraticrriedia.orF,/,.jtes defa.gjG files Meld pau.slalic-Files/202J/fu.sll r nQL � !
<br /> )_................. ..................................................
<br /> ss University of Connecticut Rudd Center for Food Policy& Health et.al., Targeted Food and Beverage Advertising
<br /> to Black and Hispanic Consumers:2022 Update, (Nov.2022), 17„t,.. s.//u.sconnrusddcei7Ger.or /wp,,,
<br /> 17:t/.u.s.Toads/sites/7909/7022/11 Tarp, ...P.ci..l •
<br /> 54 Yanhui Wu et al.,Short Sleep Duration and Obesity Among Children:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of
<br /> Prospective Studies, 11 Obesity Rsch.&Clinical Prac. 140, 148(2015),
<br /> https:Hpubmed.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/27269366/; Michelle A. Miller et al.,Sleep Duration and Incidence of Obesity in
<br /> Infants, Children, and Adolescents:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies,41 Sleep 1, 15
<br /> (2018), https:Hpubmed.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/29401314/.
<br /> Testimony of Josh Golin, Fairplay, February 14, 2023 8
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