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major social media platforms— including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok— have
<br /> both in-house and external research initiatives focused on documenting and improving
<br /> engagement, as well as utilizing neuromarketing and virtual reality techniques to measure
<br /> effectiveness.63
<br /> Engagement-maximizing design features prey upon minors' developmental vulnerabilities and
<br /> can lead to significant harm. These features create risk for children because they can lead to
<br /> problematic internet use and the associated harm. In addition, many of the techniques used to
<br /> extend engagement create new risks and harms in their own right.They include: social
<br /> manipulation design features; variable reward design features; and algorithmic content
<br /> recommendation systems.
<br /> Social manipulation design features
<br /> Social manipulation design features leverage a minor's desire for social relationships to
<br /> encourage users to spend more time and/or perform more activities on a website or service.
<br /> These features are the hallmarks of social media platforms: follower, view, and like counts;
<br /> interaction streaks; displays of the names of users who have commented, viewed, or liked a
<br /> piece of content; and prompts that encourage a user to share with a larger audience by adding
<br /> suggested new friends or making their account or posts public.
<br /> Younger adolescents have specific developmental needs for social connectedness and are
<br /> particularly attuned to social validation.64 Children develop a need to fit in with their peers
<br /> around age 661 and the need to be noticed and admired by others around age ten. Social
<br /> parries industry„:ppt to know-winnie wen of Aq.EE!.,;gj,G„j; Mediation that supports everything your app business needs
<br /> to scale, ironsource, https://www.is.com/mediation/; Mihovil Grguric,15 Key Mobile Game Metrics That
<br /> Developers MUST Track, udonis(Sept.20,2022), 17„G;t,as: www.lolo .u.sdoi7is.co rrioloile-marl<eGii7. rnoloile-
<br /> g !rl. .../....�<... .y....:.:.i:r!cla.!.i.�'..:.:.g !r!. ..::!:!:!.etric..s.
<br /> 63 See, e.g., Meta Careers,Shape the Future of Marketing with the Marketing Science Team, Meta (Sept. 19,2018),
<br /> 17GG s: www.rrieGacareers.corn life come-bu iId-with-the-facel000l<-rnarkeGii7.-sciei7ce Gearri Bob Arnold&Anton
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<br /> Miller,HowGoogle's Media Lab Boosts YouTube Ad Results,AdAge(May 14,2021),
<br /> !7.:G:G.. s: ada;p...crr,!,fir!,./.gri.ic..l.e/.pimple/how-poo;!..P..s..::isr!. .ci..% ..::....Ia.::.!.gg..s:G..s.::yoLAu.sloe-ad-resu.sIGs/2335796; TikTok Insights,
<br /> TikTok for Business(2022), 17GGpos://www.Gil<Gol<.corn/bu.ssii7ess/eo7 lD s/ii7si l7,„G,s; TikTok Ads Break Through Better
<br /> than TV and Drive Greater Audience Engagement,TikTok for Business,
<br /> G;G„ s: www.Gil<Gol<.corri bu.ssii7ess !ilorar Til<1Wol<Drives reaGerAu.sdieo7ceEi7. o,r!, . ;How Virtual Reality
<br /> Facilitates Social Connection Meta 17GGos: www.�acel000k.corri bu.ssii7ess news insi_,.I s 17ow-virGu.sal-realit -
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<br /> 64 Nicholas D.Santer et al.,Early Adolescents'Perspectives on Digital Privacy, Algorithmic Rights and Protections
<br /> for Children (2021)at 6,30.
<br /> 61 In particular, between the ages of six and nine,children start to feel the need to fit in to peer social groups.See
<br /> Jun Zhao et al., '1 Make Up a Silly Name': Understanding Children's Perception of Privacy Risks Online,CHI
<br /> Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings(May 2,2019),
<br /> 66 Zara Abrams, Why Young Brains Are Especially Vulnerable to Social Media,APA(Feb.3,2022),
<br /> I�ddos. www.aoa.or ��:ws aoa f)�? social-inedia-cliildr�:ii-d�:��:iis ("Starting aroundage 10 children'sbrains
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<br /> undergo a fundamental shift that spurs them to seek social rewards, including attention and approval from their
<br /> peers.").
<br /> Testimony of Josh Golin, Fairplay, February 14, 2023 10
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