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is just like them. Chat forums on Tor share success stories on successfully grooming children of all ages. Each offender will attempt to groom hundreds of children using various techniques beyond just sending a picture or a video. We discuss numerous "in real life" dangers in school curriculums, yet online grooming is not part of it. As the New Jersey ICAC Commander, I struggled with the significant increases in investigations, arrests, and victims we faced each year. For example, in 2015 we received 2,315 Cybertips and made 125 arrests, and by the end of 2019 we had 8,000 Cybertips and we made 420 arrests. We understood the importance of trying to keep up, but even creative attempts to "do more with less" became unsustainable. And this was prior to COVID, when screentime increased substantially and cemented our children's reliance on apps. These challenges were frustratingly present with every ICAC task force across the United States. The most staggering increase we faced was self-generated CSAM cases —children taking sexual images of themselves as the request of offenders. These were not images of older teens sending photos of themselves to their boyfriends and girlfriends —we began to see images of 7, 8, and 9-year-olds in sexual poses. The online landscape is horrifying because offenders know this is where our children live, and they recognize there are not enough safeguards to keep them at bay. During one case, I received a call from a Child Advocacy Center in another state. The advocate told me a mother had just arrived with her 8-year-old daughter after she found sexual abuse videos on the child's phone. An offender had obtained a sexually abusive video of an 11-year-old girl, and then used that video to coerce 60 children to share sexually explicit videos of themselves. This included a video of a 12-year-old girl abusing her 1 1/z-year-old brother. These child victims were located throughout the United States and Canada and were using a popular live-streaming app. This is one example of thousands of cases throughout the United States and the globe.' The Protect Our Children Act of 2008 created a funding mechanism for Internet Crimes Against Children task forces that are responsible for 90% of the child exploitation investigations in the United States. But things have changed in this space since 2008. In 2008 there was an average of one computer per household. Today, families in the U.S. have an average of 20 Internet-capable devices, including phones, tablets, laptops, and gaming consoles. And the volume of data investigators must comb through to find victims has increased significantly. Reactive investigations take place when law enforcement receives information, such as a CyberTip, that a crime has occurred. A proactive investigation involves the use of intelligence to try to identify potential offenders. Today, law enforcement is often unable to proactively investigate child exploitation cases due to the volume of Cybertips. As a result of the exponential increase in Cybertips (these tips increased by 2,800%between 2012 and 2021) law enforcement agencies have been forced to become 41nL��S;//W vv M: s, (hn 000 imro ,F,s...child...