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<br />
<br />SHARED
<br />PARKING
<br />DEMAND FOR
<br />SELECTED
<br />LAND USES
<br />
<br />Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc.
<br />
<br />In 1982-1983, UU, with special funding from many
<br />sources, engaged Barton-Aschman Associates, Inc. to un-
<br />dertake a study oj the shared parking phenomenon. This ar-
<br />ticle summarizes the objectives,findings, and recommenda-
<br />tions oj the study. A published report and a computer pro-
<br />gram will be available later this fall. Richard]. Hocking,
<br />vice president, Neil S. Kenig, vice president, and John R.
<br />Wroble, associate, were project coordinators for Barton-
<br />Aschman, which is headquartered in Evanston, Illinois.
<br />-Editor
<br />
<br />Shared parking is defined as parking space that
<br />can be used to serve two or more individual
<br />land uses without conflict or encroachment.
<br />The shared parking phenomenon has long been ob-
<br />served in central business districts, suburban com-
<br />munities, and other areas where land uses are
<br />combined. It is the result of two conditions:
<br />. Variations in the peak accumulation of parked ve-
<br />hicles due to time differences in the activity pat-
<br />terns of adjacent or nearby land uses (by hour, by
<br />day, by season). For example, a parking facility can
<br />be used py office employees during the day and
<br />serve 'p;itrons of an adjacent theater at night.
<br />. Relationships ,among land use activities that result
<br />in people being attracted to two or more land uses
<br />on a single auto trip to a given area or develop-
<br />mmL ' ,
<br />While the existence of shared parking is recog-
<br />nized by developers and public officials, typical zon-
<br />ing codes do not explicitly provide for it. Instead,
<br />most zoning codes are expressed in terms of peak
<br />parking indices or ratios for major types of individu-
<br />alland uses. While the peak ratios reflect the differ-
<br />ences in parking demand generated by separate land
<br />uses and under certain conditions, they do not re-
<br />flect the fact that total or combined peak parking de-
<br />mand can be significantly less than the sum of the
<br />individual peak demand values.
<br />
<br />Mixed-use developments, such as Water Tower Place in Chicago,
<br />highlight the need to plan for shared parking.
<br />
<br />Study Objective
<br />
<br />Even though the shared parking phenomenon
<br />commonly occurs in a number of specific cases, little
<br />literature is available that formally documents the
<br />circumstances of shared parking or provides guide-
<br />lines for quantifying the extent of shared parking.
<br />There is no accepted method for predicting and
<br />quantifying shared parking opportunities under a
<br />wide range of possible conditions. Thus, research ob-
<br />jectives were to:
<br />. identify the primary independent variables affect-
<br />ing parking demand in shared parking situations
<br />(i.e., for developments involving two or more land
<br />uses);
<br />. identify the relative effects and universality of
<br />those variables; and
<br />. develop a standard methodology for analyzing
<br />shared parking.
<br />
<br />31sAn&5
<br />
<br />2 fJp.ntemher 83/ fTTilimflll nfi1.ri1Til
<br />
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