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Regardless of one’s general views about ticketing cameras, many other solutions <br />are at least as effective, if not more effective. A study in Riverside, California, <br />showed that speed feedback signs were not only more effective than speed <br />cameras, but also more cost-effective. In another series of studies, field tests using <br />driver feedback signs were conducted by the City of Clarksville, Tennessee, and <br />the Maine Department of Transportation. Average speeds were reduced by up to <br />23%, 85th percentile speeds were reduced by up to 18%, and vehicles traveling <br />6+ mph over the posted speed limit were reduced by up to 62%. That is a far <br />better result than what is typically seen with speed cameras, and speed feedback <br />signs do not bring with them the economic and equity problems inherent in <br />camera enforcement. Their effectiveness can also be enhanced when paired with <br />speed limit signs equipped with flashing beacons. <br />It is almost certain that proper engineering will prove far more effective in <br />improving real-time speed compliance than issuing automated tickets weeks after <br />an alleged violation. Until these types of low-cost improvements are installed and <br />evaluated throughout the city, it is premature to consider deploying speed <br />ticketing cameras. <br />Speed Camera Ticketing Programs Excessively Burden Low Income and <br />Minority Communities <br />A study by the Woodstock Institute, The Debt Spiral: How Chicago’s Vehicle <br />Ticketing Practices Unfairly Burden Low-Income and Minority Communities, clearly <br />shows how automated enforcement can have devastating effects on marginalized <br />communities.1 <br />According to this study, in 2017, the City of Chicago issued over 3.6 million <br />vehicle-related tickets and warnings. The vast majority of these tickets are issued <br />through Chicago’s massive automated speed and red light camera ticketing <br />1 https://woodstockinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/The-Debt-Spiral-How-Chicagos- <br />Vehicle-Ticketing-Practices-Unfairly-Burden-Low-Income-and-Minority-Communities- <br />June-2018.pdf