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• other key industries and sub - clusters (combined). This group of industries is <br />generally not, or not yet, one of the key sources of employment. However, in each <br />case below the sub - cluster either is gaining ground or emerging as a new cluster <br />with new employment demands and critical skill needs: <br />• Bio- technology /nanotechnology (10/9/5). Analyzed above as a growing sub - <br />cluster under health care, it is emerging as a strong cluster on its own. The <br />demands of this cluster are highly technical. However its service and other <br />supporting industries create many opportunities for jobs across the skill <br />spectrum. The MSA area and region just beyond Orange County indicate <br />significant research in both areas, generating companies that have been spinning <br />off in Irvine and elsewhere in Orange County. <br />• Information technology (10/9/3). Often seen as a sub - cluster because it <br />contributes to almost every industry segment, information technology is <br />emerging as its own cluster with high skill demands and high salary payoffs in a <br />manner similar to bio- technology. Information technology is broadly defined as <br />digital and non - digital, hardware and software, telecommunications, and <br />Internet design and security. Its demands are mostly for highly skilled labor, <br />though elements of programming and digital management are being taught as <br />early as high school. <br />• Logistics (1017/6). Logistics supports almost every other manufacturing and <br />service cluster, but like the other emerging clusters, is becoming important on its <br />own. Logistics includes all elements of transportation by air, land and sea, <br />warehousing, planning, cargo handling, and specialized information and security <br />services and tracking. It generates needs for both skilled and lower skilled labor. <br />When considering logistics, a more powerful picture emerges by including the <br />MSA and not just Orange County, because then the ports of Long Beach and Los <br />Angeles are included. Together they comprise the largest port facility in the <br />country. In fad, two local California State University branches, Long Beach and <br />Dominguez Hills, are providing certifications, study programs and degrees, and <br />graduates to serve the cluster. Some learners commute or migrate from Orange <br />County and elsewhere. <br />• Environment, Energy, Green (10/2/8). This cluster is small but powerfully <br />emerging, with impacts at every level of labor need and every skill base. It <br />consists of waste management, alternate energy, and conservation industries. <br />Because it cuts across so many industrial sectors, from traditional and advanced <br />manufacturing through logistics, nanotechnology, and every variety of office <br />service, it is an important emerging but as yet relatively undefined /not delimited <br />cluster. Opportunity within it is powerful. The MSA view also emphasizes the <br />emerging importance of this sector, one of the most powerful emerging clusters <br />in the country, though still lagging northern California in importance. <br />18 <br />19F -23 <br />