25C - AGMT - OCWD CENTENNIAL PARK

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Section 5 ME, NNKOKWLUIITTIRL•� The following analysis is based on a Cultural Resources Report prepared for the Mid Basin Centennial Park Injection Well Project by Bonterra/Psomas, in August of 2015. The Cultural Resources Report is presented in its entirety in Appendix D. 5.4.1 Affected Environment Prehistoric Background Several chronologies are generally used to describe the sequence of the later prehistoric periods of Southern California, William Wallace in 1955 developed the first comprehensive California chronologies and defines four periods for the southern coastal region. Although now more than 50 years old, the Wallace chronology has provided a general framework for Southern California prehistory that remains valid today. Horizon 1: Early Man or Paleo-Indian Period (111,000 BCE to 7,500 BCE 1) While initially termed Early Man Horizon by Wallace, this early stage of human occupation is commonly referred to as the Paleo-Indian Period today, At inland archaeological sites, the surviving material culture of this period was primarily lithic, consisting of large, extremely well made stone projectile points and tools (e.g., scrapers and choppers). Encampments were, probably temporary, located near major kills or important resource areas, Horizon It: Milling Stone Assemblages (7,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE) Encompassing a broad expanse of time, the Milling Stone Period was named for the abundant milling stone tools associated with sites of this period. These tools, the mano and metate, were used to process small, hard seeds from plants associated with shrub-scrub vegetation communities. An annual round of seasonal migrations was likely practiced, with movements coinciding with ripening vegetal resources and the periods of maximal availability of various animal resources. Along the coast, shell midden sites are common site types. Some formal burials, occasionally with associated grave goods, are also evident. Horizon III: Intermediate Cultures (1,000 SCE to 750 CE) The Intermediate Period is identified by a mixed strategy of plant exploitation, terrestrial hunting, and maritime subsistence strategies. Chipped stone tools, such as projectile points, generally decrease in size, but increase in number. Abundant bone and shell remains have been recovered from sites dating to these time periods. In coastal areas, the introduction of the circular shell fishhook and the growing abundance of fish remains in sites over the course of the period suggest a substantial increase in fishing activity during the Intermediate Horizon. It is also Mid Basin Centennial Park 1 66 11 Project Final EIR 5-63 Z) �-nf n