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375 the City of Garden Grove and other states including the cities of Renton, Washington; Seattle, Washington; Detroit, Michigan; Austin, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Phoenix, Arizona have demonstrated that such uses have objectionable secondary effects upon immediately adjacent residential and commercial areas. The City recognizes and relies upon the experience of these other cities and counties in adopting adult business regulations including the County of Los Angeles; City of Renton, Washington (as discussed in City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. (1976) 475 U.S. 41); the City of Seattle, Washington (as discussed in Northend Cinema v. City of Seattle (1978) 90 Wash.2d 709, 585 P.2d 1153); and the County of Palm Beach, Florida (as discussed in Movie & Video Worm v. Board of County Commissioners (S.D. Fla. 1989) 723 F.Supp. 695), in support of this Ordinance. The City also recognizes and relies upon the studies done by: (1) the City of Los Angeles in 1977; (2) the 1991 report to the City of Garden Grove by Drs. McCleary and Meeker on the relationship between crime and adult business operations; (3) the 1979 Adult Use Study by the Phoenix Planning Department; (4) the 1984 "Analysis of Adult Entertainment Businesses in Indianapolis" by the Department of Metropolitan Development; (5) Austin, Texas' 1986 study on effects of adult businesses; (6) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (1986); (7) Houston, Texas (1983); (8) Beaumont, Texas (1982); (9) Minneapolis, Minnesota (1980); (10) Amarillo, Texas (1977); and (11) Cleveland, Ohio (1977). C. Prior to the adoption of this Ordinance, the City Council reviewed the detailed studies prepared by other jurisdictions regarding the social and economic effects on persons and properties surrounding established adult entertainment business facilities. Copies of these studies are available for public review upon request. The City Council f'mds that these studies are relevant to the problems addressed by the City in enacting this Ordinance to regulate the adverse secondary side effects of adu! facilities, and more specifically finds that these studies provide convincing evidence of the significant secondary effects of adult businesses within a community. The City Council finds the following statements are true, in part based on its understanding of the experiences of the various identified jurisdictions: 1. Crime rates are higher in residential areas surrounding adult business uses than in commercial or industrial areas surrounding adult business uses; 2. Crime rates in areas where adult business uses are closely situated to each other are higher than areas in which adult business uses are separated from each other;